Metabolism — Flashcards

78 y/o woman presents with tenderness and easy bleeding of the gums when brushing her teeth. - Physical exam: swollen gingiva that bleed on probing. - Skin: perifollicular hemorrhages and petechiae are noted. Her symptoms are most likely caused by hypoactivity of an enzyme found in which cellular compartment?

A 17 y/o boy with type 1 diabetes mellitus is found unresponsive at home. - Glucose fingerstick: 32 mg/dL - Paramedics administer an injection. - The injected substance binds to a transmembrane receptor in hepatocytes, which promotes binding of intracellular GTP to a specific receptor-associated protein. - This leads to the rapid release of glucose into the blood. Which of the following is the most likely mediator responsible for these effects? a.) cGMP dependent protein kinase b.) Janus tyrosine kinase c.) phosphodiesterase d.) Protein kinase A e.) Tyrosine specific protein kinase

3 day old boy comes with poor feeding, vomiting, and progressive lethargy. -Parents stated: "Diaper have burnt sugar smell" -Physical Exam: Lethargic infant with dry mucous membranes and generalized hypertonia. -Which of the following should be restricted from this infant's diet?

What are the followings in relation to phosphorylation of mannose residues on glycoproteins? -Extracellular space -Lysosome -Mitochondria -Nucleus -Plasma membrane

What are the followings in relation to vitamin deficiency? -Abnormal oxidative decarboxylation of ketoacids. -Abnormal proline hydroxylation -Abnormal transamination -deficient methionine synthesis -Diminished synthesis of purines

61 y/o man found unresponsive on a sidewalk. -He presents with breath smelling of alcohol. -He has agonal respirations and a pulseless EKG; he's pronounced dead on arrival. -Autopsy: necrosis is seen in the mammillary bodies and gray matter surrounding the 3rd & 4th ventricles. -This patient's brain findings are most likely associated with a decrease in what?

In what reactions do the following amino acids participate? - Phenylalanine - Valine - Asparagine - Histidine - Proline - Lysine

76 y/o man comes with excessive fatigue and altered mental status. - The patient has long history of diabetes mellitus. - Physical Exam: Dry mouth, cracked lips, severe cataract formation. - Lab test: Glucose 750 mg/dL & normal ketone level. - Pathophysiology of his cataract formation involves certain enzymes within the lens. - An enzyme called aldose reductase produces sorbitol, a substance that cannot readily exit the lens cells. - What is the most likely end product of sorbitol metabolism in the lens of healthy individuals?

23 y/o apparently healthy man who immigrated to the US comes to a clinic for regular check up. -History: no significant medical problems but his mother told him he was born with a problem metabolizing sugar. -Patient maintains no dietary restrictions and regularly eats vegetables, fruits, and meats. -Urine samples: Repeatedly positive copper reduction test. -Glucose oxidase dipstick test: negative -Which enzyme is most likely to be deficient in this patient?

18 y/o girl with type 1 DM comes with several hours of nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. - Breath: fruity odor - Glucose: 452 mg/dL & high anion gap metabolic acidosis. - Increased activity of what enzyme is most likely contributing to this patient's abnormal blood glucose finding?