Metabolism — Flashcards

Flashcard 31: Where does the first step of ethanol metabolism occur?

Answer: cytosol

Flashcard 32: Where does the second step of ethanol metabolism occur?

Answer: mitochondria

Flashcard 33: What happens in the first step of ethanol metabolism?

Answer: alcohol dehydrogenase converts ethanol to acetylaldehyde, reduces NAD+

Flashcard 34: What happens in the second step of ethanol metabolism?

Answer: acetylaldehyde dehydrogenase converts acetylaldehyde to acetate, reduces NAD+

Flashcard 35: essential fructosuria

Answer:

Extra: few, if any, problematic symptomsfructose in blood and urineARfructokinase

Flashcard 36: fructose intolerance

Answer:

Extra: fructose builds up in cells and sequesters phosphate needed for other pathwaysjaundice, cirrhosis, vomiting after fruit mealhypoglycemialimit intake of fructose and sucroseARaldolase B

Flashcard 37: Why does the body convert glucose into sorbitol?

Answer: second mechanism (in addition to phosphorylation) of trapping glucose in the cell; step towards making fructose

Flashcard 38: What is the consequence of a cell expressing low levels of sorbitol dehydrogenase?

Answer: Sorbitol can't be rapidly converted to fructose, so it may build up, especially during hyperglycemia. This leads to osmotic pressure and damage to the cell.

Flashcard 39: What is the ultimate product of the respiratory burst?

Answer: HOCl i.e. bleach

Flashcard 40: What are the two phases of the HMP shunt pathway? Which is reversible?

Answer: oxidative - irreversible nonoxidative - reversible