Glycolysis — Flashcards

Flashcard 41: The Warburg effect states that cancers produce energy via a high rate of _____ followed by lactic acid fermentation

Answer: glycolysis

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 42: 2-phosphoglycerate is converted into _____ via the enzyme enolase

Answer: phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

Extra:   Watch Glycolysis pt2 [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-metabolism/videos/medical-biochemistry-metabolism-carbohydrates-glycolysis-part-2?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism/glycolysis/acquire?ref=anki Other: 

Flashcard 43: Glucocorticoids increase hepatic _____ storage

Answer: glycogen

Extra:   Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Glucocorticoids [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-glucocorticoids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 44: _____ is converted to fructose-2,6-bisphosphate via the enzyme phosphofructokinase-2 (PFK-2)

Answer: Fructose-6-phosphate

Extra:   Watch Reg PFK 1 FBPase 1 F 2, 6 BP Fed Fasting State [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-metabolism/videos/medical-biochemistry-metabolism-carbohydrates-regulation-of-pfk-1-and-fbpase-1-by-f-26-bp-and-during-the-fed-and-fasting-state?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism/glycolysis/acquire?ref=anki  

Flashcard 45: What is the only metabolic pathway for generating ATP, anaerobically? _____

Answer: Glycolysis

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism/glycolysis/acquire?ref=anki Other: 

Flashcard 46: Conversion of glyceraldehyde-3P into 1,3-BPG (glycolysis) produces a molecule of _____

Answer: NADH

Extra:   Watch Glycolysis pt2 [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-metabolism/videos/medical-biochemistry-metabolism-carbohydrates-glycolysis-part-2?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism/glycolysis/acquire?ref=anki Other: 

Flashcard 47: Pyruvate kinase is regulated via positive feedback by _____ (glycolysis)

Answer: fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Extra:   Watch Glycolysis pt2 [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-metabolism/videos/medical-biochemistry-metabolism-carbohydrates-glycolysis-part-2?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism/glycolysis/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 48: What is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis? _____

Answer: Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

Extra:   Watch Glycolysis pt1 [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-metabolism/videos/medical-biochemistry-metabolism-carbohydrates-glycolysis-part-1?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism/glycolysis/acquire?ref=anki Other: 

Flashcard 49: Increased phosphofructokinase-2 _____ glycolysis and _____ gluconeogenesis

Answer: stimulates

Extra:   Watch Reg PFK 1 FBPase 1 F 2, 6 BP Fed Fasting State [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-metabolism/videos/medical-biochemistry-metabolism-carbohydrates-regulation-of-pfk-1-and-fbpase-1-by-f-26-bp-and-during-the-fed-and-fasting-state?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki Other: 

Flashcard 50: What are the following in relation to enzyme deficiency in glycolysis and insulin release from pancreatic cells? -Aldolase -Enolase -Glucokinase -Lactate dehydrogenase -Phosphofructokinase -Pyruvate carboxylase -Pyruvate kinase

Answer: (Aldolase, Enolase, Phosphofructokinase, Pyruvate kinase) Deficiency of those enzymes will present with hemolytic anemia. RBC rely completely on aneorobic glycolysis for energy production. -Glucokinase: deficiency could lead to lack of insulin release thus will lead to MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young). -Lactate dehydrogenase: convert pyruvate to lactate in aneorobic glycolysis. Deficiency can can cause muscle stiffness. (won't be able to exercise properly) -Pyruvate carboxylase: convert pyruvate to oxaloacetate.Deficiency could cause lactic acidosis due to more glucose product being converted to lactic acid. It can also cause Fasting hypoglycemia due lack of oxaloacetate that can't be converted to PEP to converted back to glucose.