Energy yield and ATP production — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Anaerobic glycolysis produces a net of _____ NADH per glucose molecule

Answer: 0

Extra: In anaerobic glycolysis, the 2 NADH produced by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase are consumed by lactate dehydrogenase to regenerate NAD+ during the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. This results in a net yield of 0 NADH.

Flashcard 2: Which steps (2) of glycolysis require ATP? _____

Answer: 1. Glucose → Glucose-6-phosphate (Hexokinase/Glucokinase) 2. Fructose-6-phosphate → Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (PFK-1)

Flashcard 3: Anaerobic glycolysis produces a net of _____ ATP per glucose molecule

Answer: 2

Flashcard 4: What glycolysis enzyme deficiency causes hemolytic anemia in a newborn?_____

Answer: Pyruvate kinase deficiency

Flashcard 5: _____ is a heavy metal that causes glycolysis to produce zero net ATP

Answer: Arsenic

Flashcard 6: What is the only metabolic pathway for generating ATP, anaerobically? _____

Answer: Glycolysis

Flashcard 7: Conversion of pyruvate -> lactate (Cori cycle) recycles one molecule of _____

Answer: NAD+

Flashcard 8: What is the function of the bifunctional enzyme Phosphofructokinase-2/Fructose bisphosphatase-2 (PFK-2/FBP-2)?

Answer: A bifunctional enzyme that regulates the levels of Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-BP), thereby balancing glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.

Extra: In the well-fed state, PFK-2 is active (increased F-2,6-BP) → stimulates Glycolysis.\nIn the fasting state, FBP-2 is active (decreased F-2,6-BP) → stimulates Gluconeogenesis.

Flashcard 9: Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer: cytoplasm

Flashcard 10: What is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis?

Answer: Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

Extra: The three irreversible steps of glycolysis are catalyzed by:\n1. Hexokinase/Glucokinase\n2. Phosphofructokinase-1 (Rate-limiting step)\n3. Pyruvate kinase\n\nPFK-1 is inhibited by ATP and Citrate, and activated by AMP and Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate.