Ethics/Biostatistics — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: sleepwalking

Answer:

Extra: benzodiazepines

Flashcard 2: imprinting (genetics)

Answer: gene expression and phenotype is dependent on the sex of the parent of origin

Flashcard 3: Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

Answer:

Extra: build-up of hypoxanthine and guanine in cellsretardation, self-mutilation, aggression, gout, choreoathetosishyperuricemia XR HGPRT

Flashcard 4: Patient is not adherent to prescribed treatment.

Answer: Attempt to identify the patient's reasons for nonadherence and determine his/her willingness to change; do not coerce patient or refer them to a different physician.

Flashcard 5: Patient desires an unnecessary procedure.

Answer: Attempt to understand why the patient wants the procedure and address underlying concerns. Do not refuse to see the patient or refer them to another physician. However, avoid unnecessary procedures.

Flashcard 6: Patient states that they find you attractive.

Answer: Romantic relationships with patients are never appropriate. Ask direct, closed-ended questions, and use a chaperone. Never say anything that implies that a relationship might be possible once the individual is no longer your patient.

Flashcard 7: Hawthorne effect

Answer: study participants change behavior because they are aware they are being studied (e.g. medication trials have greater adherence than real patients)

Flashcard 8: observer-expectancy effect

Answer: pre-conceived beliefs of researcher influence outcome (e.g. subconscious, generous data interpretation)

Flashcard 9: recall bias

Answer: knowledge of current presence of disease alters recall regarding historical factors (e.g. recall of early symptoms in a cancer patient)

Flashcard 10: Primary lactase deficiency is common in people of _____, African, and Native-American descent

Answer: Asian

Extra:  Watch Lactase Deficiency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-metabolism/videos/medical-biochemistry-metabolism-carbohydrates-lactase-deficiency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/intestinal-pathology?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/malabsorption/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 11: Infant deprivation for > _____ can lead to irreversible changes

Answer: 6 months

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki 

Flashcard 12: The patients perception that a physician is _____ is the most likely precipitating factor in a patients decision to file a malpractice lawsuit

Answer: uncaring

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/public-health-sciences/videos/communication?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 13: What is the focus of end-of-life care (hospice)? _____

Answer: Patient comfort and pain relief

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 14: Which ethical principle is encompassed by the fact that physicians have a special ethical (fiduciary) duty to act in the patients best interest? _____

Answer: Beneficence

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/public-health-sciences/videos/ethics?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 15: Which core ethical principle is encompassed by "do no harm"? _____

Answer: Nonmalificence

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 16: What do we say to all those bravely fighting on the frontlines during this pandemic? _____

Answer: Thank you

Extra:  Watch Coronavirus (Coronaviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-coronavirus-coronaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki  

Flashcard 17: What is the most effective way to begin a medical interview? _____

Answer: Open-ended question

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 18: The abuser in the case of sexual abuse is usually a(n) _____ who is known to the victim

Answer: male

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/developmental-disorders?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/child-abuse/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 19: The first line treatments for Enuresis are _____ modification and positive reinforcement

Answer: behavioral

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/sleep-and-psychosomatic-conditions?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki 

Flashcard 20: Which immunodeficiency is caused by failure to repair DNA double strand breaks? _____

Answer: Ataxia-telangiectasia

Extra:   Watch Combined B & T Cell Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-immunology/videos/medical-pathophysiology-immunology-immunodeficiency-combined-b-and-t-cell-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/immunodeficiency/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 21: Which ethical principle revolves around treating persons fairly and equitably? _____

Answer: Justice

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 22: Forms of _____ abuse include verbal abuse, criticism, intimidation, humiliation

Answer: emotional

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/developmental-disorders?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/child-abuse/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 23: When taking a patients sexual history, should you make assumptions about patients sexual orientation? _____

Answer: NO!

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 24: Is dating a patient ever okay? _____

Answer: NO*

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 25: Which ethical principle is encompassed by: - an obligation to respect patients as individuals - to create conditions necessary for autonomous choice - honor patients preference in accepting or not accepting medical care _____

Answer: Autonomy

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/public-health-sciences/videos/ethics?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 26: _____ is the idea that discontinuation of reinforcement (positive or negative) eventually eliminates a behavior

Answer: Extinction

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/psychology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki 

Flashcard 27: Egocentric = _____operational stage (3-5 y.o.) Death is permanent = _____ operational stage (6-11 y.o.) Abstract reasoning = _____ operational stage (11 y.o. - adolescence)

Answer: pre

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 28: Between ages _____ (concrete operational stage), kids begin to understand that death is irreversible

Answer: 6-11

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 29: What do you call a fake noodle? _____

Answer: An IMPASTA!

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 30: Competency is determined by a(n) _____

Answer: judge

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 31: Situations where parental consent is NOT required (3) _____

Answer: Sex, Drugs, Rock n Roll

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 32: Which specific type of behavioral therapy is used to treat a wide scope of clinical conditions including agoraphobia, fecal incontinence, tension headache, and hypertension? _____

Answer: Biofeedback

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 33: The strongest predictors of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture are large aneurysm diameter, rapid rate of expansion, and _____

Answer: current cigarette smoking

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/vascular/acquire?ref=anki  

Flashcard 34: Brain death is a legally acceptable definition of _____

Answer: death

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/coma/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 35: What type of intervention is recommended for adults who engage in risky or hazardous drinking: _____

Answer: Behavioral counseling

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 36: Do you have to keep someone who is brain dead on life support? _____

Answer: No

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 37: What is the order of priority of surrogates? _____

Answer: Spouse > adult children > parents > siblings > other relatives > friend

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 38: Once someone is your patient, can you abandon them? _____

Answer: No - wedding vows!

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 39: Exception to patient confidentiality = "_____"

Answer: threat of harm

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 40: _____

Answer: C

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 41: Non-emergency situation and parent refuses life-saving treatment for child is managed with _____

Answer: geting a court order to do treatment

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 42: _____

Answer: B

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 43: Most significant parental risk factor for child abuse? _____

Answer: Being abused themselves

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/child-abuse/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 44: A 17-year-old girl is pregnant and requests an abortion - parental notification _____ required

Answer: is

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 45: Death is permanent = _____ years old

Answer: 7

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 46: _____ disease prevention = Screen early to prevent disability (mammogram, pap smear) Primary disease prevention = prevent disease before it occurs (vaccination) Tertiary disease prevention = treatment to maximize remaining function _____ disease prevention = prevent overtreatment

Answer: Secondary

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/epidemiology-and-stats/prevention/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 47: Severe TB, patient refuses treatment: 1) Treat? _____ 2) Quarantine? _____

Answer: No

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 48: 40-50% of women with chronic pelvic pain have a history of _____

Answer: physical/sexual abuse

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki 

Flashcard 49: What is the term for the obligation of a physician to report patients who are potentially dangerous to others? _____

Answer: The Tarasoff duty or duty to warn

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 50: Offer prisoners early parole if they help with research study = _____ of vulnerable population

Answer: coercion

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 51: Why did the can crusher quit his job? _____

Answer: It was SODA PRESSING

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 52: Patient has organ donor card and family says "no" after they die, what happens? _____

Answer: No organ donation

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 53: Physicians should only accept nonmonetary gifts that _____

Answer: directly benefit the patient (e.g. educational material, drug samples)

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 54: Patient is brain dead but family still wants treatment. Treat? _____

Answer: No

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/coma/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 55: _____ is a type of conditioning where a particular action is elicited because it produces a punishment or reward

Answer: Operant conditioning

Flashcard 56: Which operant conditioning technique involves removal of a stimulus in efforts to increase behavior? _____

Answer: Negative reinforcement

Flashcard 57: Which stage of change is characterized by getting ready to change behavior? _____

Answer: Preparation/determination

Flashcard 58: Transcortical motor aphasia is characterized by _____ speech (fluent or nonfluent)

Answer: nonfluent

Flashcard 59: The abuser in the case of physical abuse of a child is usually the _____

Answer: biological mother

Flashcard 60: Which stages of change is characterized by returning to old behaviors and abandoning new changes? _____

Answer: Relapse (does not always happen)

Flashcard 61: _____ is the idea that discontinuation of reinforcement (positive or negative) eventually eliminates a behavior

Answer: Extinction

Flashcard 62: Changes in the elderly include _____ suicide rate

Answer: increased

Flashcard 63: Which stage of change is characterized by not yet acknowledging that there is a problem? _____

Answer: Precontemplation

Flashcard 64: In the united states, the majority of overdose deaths are caused by _____

Answer: opioids

Flashcard 65: What is the most common cause of hospital readmission in patients with medicaid?_____

Answer: Mood disorders

Flashcard 66: _____ is formed by radioactive decay of uranium, which is present in soil

Answer: Radon

Flashcard 67: What is the peak incidence (age) for sexual abuse? _____

Answer: 9 - 12 years old

Flashcard 68: _____ is a type of conditioning where a natural response is elicited by a conditioned/learned stimulus that was previously presented with an unconditioned stimulus

Answer: Classical conditioning

Flashcard 69: Children who are victims of physical abuse often avoid _____ on exam

Answer: eye contact

Flashcard 70: Neurons of the _____ cortex are involved in organizing and planning the intellectual and emotional aspects of behavior

Answer: prefrontal

Flashcard 71: Which operant conditioning technique involves addition of a stimulus in efforts to decrease behavior? _____

Answer: Positive punishment

Flashcard 72: Which operant conditioning technique involves removal of a stimulus in efforts to decrease behavior? _____

Answer: Negative punishment

Flashcard 73: Which stage of change is characterized by acknowledging there's a problem, BUT not yet ready or willing to make a change? _____

Answer: Contemplation

Flashcard 74: Which ego defense is defined as demonstrating hostile feelings in a non-confrontational manner?_____

Answer: Passive aggression (immature defense)

Flashcard 75: The first line treatments for Enuresis are _____ modification and positive reinforcement

Answer: behavioral

Flashcard 76: Which type of conditioning usually deals with involuntary responses? _____

Answer: Classical conditioning

Flashcard 77: The prioritization of positive effects (comfort) over negative effects (respiratory depression) is called the _____.

Answer: principle of double effect

Flashcard 78: Which stage of change is characterized by changing behaviors? _____

Answer: Action/will power

Flashcard 79: Which stage of change is characterized by maintaining the behavioral changes? _____

Answer: Maintenance