Hypothesis testing US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Hypothesis testing with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Hypothesis testing Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 1: Which stage of change is characterized by changing behaviors? _____
Answer: Action/will power
Flashcard 2: Which stage of change is characterized by getting ready to change behavior? _____
Answer: Preparation/determination
Flashcard 3: What is the pharmacological treatment for severe or persistent sleepwalking?
Answer: Benzodiazepines (e.g., Diazepam)
Extra: - Sleepwalking (Somnambulism) occurs during Stage N3 (slow-wave sleep).
- Benzodiazepines decrease Stage N3 sleep, thereby reducing the frequency of sleepwalking episodes.
- Most cases do not require pharmacological treatment unless dangerous or frequent.
Flashcard 4: imprinting (genetics)
Answer: gene expression and phenotype is dependent on the sex of the parent of origin
Flashcard 5: What is the enzyme deficiency in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome?
Answer: Deficiency of HGPRT (Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphorosyltransferase) enzyme leading to hyperuricemia.
Extra: - Inheritance: X-linked recessive (XR)
- Presentation: Intellectual disability, self-mutilation (e.g., lip/finger biting), aggression, gout, and choreoathetosis.
- Pathophysiology: Impaired purine salvage pathway results in build-up of hypoxanthine and guanine, converted to uric acid.
Flashcard 6: Patient is not adherent to prescribed treatment.
Answer: Attempt to identify the patient's reasons for nonadherence and determine his/her willingness to change; do not coerce patient or refer them to a different physician.
Flashcard 7: Patient desires an unnecessary procedure.
Answer: Attempt to understand why the patient wants the procedure and address underlying concerns. Do not refuse to see the patient or refer them to another physician. However, avoid unnecessary procedures.
Flashcard 8: Patient states that they find you attractive.
Answer: Romantic relationships with patients are never appropriate. Ask direct, closed-ended questions, and use a chaperone. Never say anything that implies that a relationship might be possible once the individual is no longer your patient.
Flashcard 9: Hawthorne effect
Answer: study participants change behavior because they are aware they are being studied (e.g. medication trials have greater adherence than real patients)
Flashcard 10: observer-expectancy effect
Answer: pre-conceived beliefs of researcher influence outcome (e.g. subconscious, generous data interpretation)
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