Pelvis/Perineum — Flashcards
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vesicourachal diverticulum
patent urachus
wall of bladder
anal canal BELOW the pectinate line
How many coccygeal spinal nerves are there?
How many sacral spinal nerves are there?
The _____ connects the cervix to the side wall of the pelvis and contains the uterine vessels
In females, the ureters pass under the _____
The _____ are contained in the cardinal ligament, which themselves are formed via anterior division of the internal iliac arteries
Injury to the anterior penile urethra (e.g. perineal straddle injury) can cause urine to leak beneath the deep fascia of _____
Pelvis/Perineum US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Pelvis/Perineum with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Pelvis/Perineum Flashcard Deck - 114 Cards
Flashcard 1: vesicourachal diverticulum
Answer: failure of urachus to obliterate
Extra: outpouching of bladder into umbilicus
Flashcard 2: patent urachus
Answer: failure of urachus to obliterate
Extra: urine discharge from umbilicus
Flashcard 3: wall of bladder
Answer: mesoderm
Flashcard 4: anal canal BELOW the pectinate line
Answer: surface ectoderm
Flashcard 5: How many coccygeal spinal nerves are there?
Answer: 1
Flashcard 6: How many sacral spinal nerves are there?
Answer: 5
Flashcard 7: The _____ connects the cervix to the side wall of the pelvis and contains the uterine vessels
Answer: Cardinal ligament
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 8: In females, the ureters pass under the _____
Answer: uterine artery
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/anatomy-and-embryology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 9: The _____ are contained in the cardinal ligament, which themselves are formed via anterior division of the internal iliac arteries
Answer: uterine arteries
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 10: Injury to the anterior penile urethra (e.g. perineal straddle injury) can cause urine to leak beneath the deep fascia of _____
Answer: Buck
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 11: Which artery supplies the rectum below the pectinate line? _____
Answer: Inferior rectal artery (from the internal pudendal artery)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 12: The _____ connects the ovaries to the lateral pelvic wall
Answer: Infundibulopelvic Ligament
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 13: What female structure is a derivative of the gubernaculum and travels through the inguinal canal? _____
Answer: Round ligament of the uterus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 14: The _____ is the furthest point of the abdominopelvic cavity in women, and is typically where infections and fluids collect
Answer: Pouch of Douglas
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/posterior-abdominal-wall-inguinal-region-scrotum-testis-and-spermatic-cord?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 15: The obturator artery takes off from the _____ artery
Answer: internal iliac
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/pelvic-cavity?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 16: What lymph nodes do the prostate, cervix, corpus cavernosum, inferior bladder, and proximal vagina drain into? _____
Answer: Internal iliac nodes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 17: The _____ anatomically includes the skin and mucosa of the female genitalia external to the hymen (labia majora, labia minora, mons pubis, and vestibule)
Answer: vulva
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 18: The _____ muscles hold the bladder and the urethra in the appropriate anatomic position and comprise the pelvic floor
Answer: levator ani
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/perineum-and-external-genitalia?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 19: Which lymph nodes drain the rectum below the pectinate line? _____
Answer: Superficial inguinal nodes
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/visceral-anatomy?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 20: Benign prostatic hyperplasia most commonly occurs in the _____ of the prostate
Answer: periurethral zone (middle/lateral lobes)
Extra: Watch Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) & Prostate Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-and-prostate-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/musculoskeletal/videos/high-yield-step-1-anatomy?index=45] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/prostate/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 21: Vaginal carcinoma from the upper 1/3rd of the vagina travels first to the _____ nodes
Answer: iliac
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 22: What angle of ureter insertion into the bladder can predispose to vesicoureteral reflex? _____
Answer: Perpendicular (90 degree)
Extra: Watch Hydronephrosis & Urinary Tract Obstruction [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-urinary-tract-obstruction-hydronephrosis-and-urinary-tract-obstruction?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 23: What lymph nodes do the body of the uterus, cervix, and superior bladder drain into? _____
Answer: External iliac nodes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 24: Is the external iliac artery intraperitoneal, extraperitoneal, or retroperitoneal? _____
Answer: Retroperitoneal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 25: Injury to the _____ nerve presents as: - decreased sensation in the perineal and genital area (sensory) - fecal or urinary incontinence (motor)
Answer: pudendal
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/gluteal-region-posterior-thigh-popliteal-fossa?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 26: The obturator nerve is commonly injured due to surgery of the _____ pelvis using a trocar
Answer: posterior
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/posterior-abdominal-wall-inguinal-region-scrotum-testis-and-spermatic-cord?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 27: Injury to the posterior membranous urethra (e.g. pelvic fracture) can cause urine to leak into the _____ space
Answer: retropubic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 28: What lymph nodes do the vulva, scrotum, distal anus, and distal vagina drain into? _____
Answer: Superficial inguinal nodes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 29: Vaginal carcinoma from the lower 2/3rd of the vagina travels first to the _____ nodes
Answer: inguinal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 30: Anal fissures are typically located _____, because this area is poorly perfused
Answer: posteromedially
Extra: Watch Anorectal Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-colorectal-and-anal-disorders-anorectal-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology?ref=anki
Flashcard 31: In teenagers, the most common anatomic deformity that increases the risk of testicular torsion is the _____
Answer: Bell Clapper deformity
Extra: - normally tunica vaginalis covers only part of testis - in this deformity the tunica vaginalis covers too much of testis and part of spermatic cord - this prevents the attachment of the testicle to the wall of the scrotum, allowing for increased mobility of testicle in scrotum Watch Testicular Disorders & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-testicular-disorders-and-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 32: Which lymph node cluster drains the prostate? _____
Answer: Internal iliac
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 33: Which type of hemorrhoids are found below the pectinate line? _____
Answer: External hemorrhoids
Extra: Watch Anorectal Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-colorectal-and-anal-disorders-anorectal-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 34: Which part of the urinary tract does transitional cell carcinoma most commonly occur? _____
Answer: Bladder
Extra: Watch Bladder Cancer & Penile Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-bladder-cancer-and-penile-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 35: What vasculature is contained in the suspensory ligament of the ovary (infundibulopelvic ligament)? _____
Answer: Ovarian vessels
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 36: _____ occurs due to twisting of the spermatic cord over thin-walled veins of the scrotum
Answer: Testicular torsion
Extra: Watch Testicular Disorders & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-testicular-disorders-and-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 37: Weakening of what ligaments contributes to uterine and vaginal apical prolapse? _____
Answer: Uterosacral ligaments
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 38: The _____ connects the medial pole of the ovary to the lateral uterus
Answer: ovarian ligament
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 39: The _____ connects the uterine horn (fundus) to the labia majora
Answer: round ligament of the uterus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 40: The _____ nerve can be blocked with local anesthetic during childbirth / minor surgeries of the vagina and perineum using the ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament as landmarks for injection
Answer: pudendal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/ob-operations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 41: What three folds make up the broad ligament in females? _____
Answer: Mesosalpinx, mesometrium, and mesovarium
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 42: In a anterior urethral injury, the _____ part of the urethra is damaged
Answer: bulbar (spongy)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/musculoskeletal/videos/high-yield-step-1-anatomy?index=43] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 43: The bulbar and penile urethra are at risk of damage with _____ injuries
Answer: perineal straddle
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/anatomy/gross-anatomy/videos/pelvic-cavity?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 44: The _____ body is essential to the integrity of the pelvic floor
Answer: perineal
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/perineum-and-external-genitalia?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 45: The superior rectal artery is a branch of the _____ artery
Answer: inferior mesenteric
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/visceral-anatomy?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 46: The blood supply to the middle 1/3 of the ureter is _____
Answer: variable
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/anatomy-and-embryology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 47: _____ is an inflammation of the testicle
Answer: Orchitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 48: Piriformis syndrome is caused by hypertrophy / muscle injury to the piriformis compressing structures traveling through the _____
Answer: greater sciatic foramen
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/gluteal-region-posterior-thigh-popliteal-fossa?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 49: Pelvic fractures can injure the anterior bladder wall, resulting in _____-peritoneal leakage of urine
Answer: extra
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 50: What are the three areas that HPV most commonly affects in female genital tract? _____, _____, and _____
Answer: Vulva
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=13] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 51: Urethral injury occurs almost exclusively in _____
Answer: men
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/musculoskeletal/videos/high-yield-step-1-anatomy?index=43] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 52: The first line treatment for stress incontinence includes strengthening _____ muscles (e.g. Kegels)
Answer: pelvic floor
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/urinary-incontinence?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/urinary-incontinence/acquire?ref=anki Stress = think of things that put “stress” and force pee out
Flashcard 53: In males, the ureters pass under the _____
Answer: vas deferens
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/anatomy-and-embryology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 54: What part of the bladder is most prone to rupture? _____
Answer: Bladder dome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 55: Which ligament connects the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries to the side wall of the pelvis? _____
Answer: Broad ligament
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 56: The _____ connects the cervix to the side wall of the pelvis and contains the uterine vessels
Answer: Cardinal ligament
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 57: The uterine artery is a branch of the _____ artery
Answer: internal iliac
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 58: What type of urethral injury is typically caused by pelvic fractures in men? _____
Answer: Posterior urethral injury
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 59: Where are Bartholin glands located? _____
Answer: Posterior, lower vulvar vestibule at 4 and 8 o'clock position
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 60: (F) corresponds to the: _____
Answer: Uterosacral ligament
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 61: _____ consists of labia majora, minora, vestibule of vagina, clitoris, and perineum
Answer: Vulva
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 62: Benign prostatic hyperplasia most commonly occurs in the _____ of the prostate
Answer: periurethral zone (middle/lateral lobes)
Flashcard 63: Posterior urethral injuries are typically caused by a _____
Answer: pelvic fracture
Flashcard 64: Urethral injury occurs almost exclusively in _____
Answer: men
Flashcard 65: Which lymph node cluster drains the scrotum and vulva? _____
Answer: Superficial inguinal
Flashcard 66: Which parasympathetics innervate the regions of the hindgut? _____
Answer: Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)
Flashcard 67: Which lymph node cluster drains the bladder? _____
Answer: Internal iliac
Flashcard 68: What complication arises more often in the left testis than the right due to its venous drainage? _____
Answer: Varicocele
Flashcard 69: Injury to the posterior membranous urethra (e.g. pelvic fracture) can cause urine to leak into the _____ space
Answer: retropubic
Flashcard 70: In an posterior urethral injury, the _____ part of the urethra is damaged
Answer: membranous
Flashcard 71: Adenocarcinoma arising from a urachal remnant develops at the _____ of the bladder
Answer: dome
Flashcard 72: The _____ is the squamocolumnar junction between the ectocervix and the endocervix
Answer: transformation zone
Flashcard 73: _____ hemorrhoids receive somatic innervation from the pudendal nerve
Answer: External
Flashcard 74: What lymph nodes do the vulva, scrotum, distal anus, and distal vagina drain into?_____
Answer: Superficial inguinal nodes
Flashcard 75: Which lymph nodes drain the rectum below the pectinate line? _____
Answer: Superficial inguinal nodes
Flashcard 76: What is the male remnant of the processus vaginalis?_____
Answer: Tunica vaginalis
Flashcard 77: Does the rectum BELOW the pectinate line drain into the portal or systemic circulation? _____
Answer: Systemic
Flashcard 78: Vaginal carcinoma from the lower 2/3rd of the vagina travels first to the _____ nodes
Answer: inguinal
Flashcard 79: What lymph nodes do the body of the uterus, cervix, and superior bladder drain into?_____
Answer: External iliac nodes
Flashcard 80: The _____ gland is present on each side of the vaginal canal and produces mucus-like fluid that drains via ducts into the lower vestibule
Answer: bartholin
Flashcard 81: Vaginal carcinoma from the upper 1/3rd of the vagina travels first to the _____ nodes
Answer: iliac
Flashcard 82: The _____ plexus innervates internal pelvic viscera
Answer: inferior hypogastric
Flashcard 83: The inferior rectal artery is a branch of the _____ artery
Answer: internal pudendal
Flashcard 84: Gynecologic procedures, such as ligation of uterine or ovarian vessels, may damage the _____
Answer: ureter
Flashcard 85: Prostatic adenocarcinoma most commonly occurs in the _____ of the prostate
Answer: posterior periphery
Flashcard 86: What three folds make up the broad ligament in females? _____
Answer: Mesosalpinx, mesometrium, and mesovarium
Flashcard 87: Which lymph node cluster drains the uterus? _____
Answer: Para-aortic
Flashcard 88: The _____ is the furthest point of the abdominopelvic cavity in women, and is typically where infections and fluids collect
Answer: Pouch of Douglas
Flashcard 89: The femoral nerve is commonly injured due to _____.
Answer: pelvic fracture
Flashcard 90: A _____ is a scrotal cyst due to a dilated epididymal duct or rete testis
Answer: spermatocele
Flashcard 91: The _____ muscles hold the bladder and the urethra in the appropriate anatomic position and comprise the pelvic floor
Answer: levator ani
Flashcard 92: What vasculature is contained in the suspensory ligament of the ovary (infundibulopelvic ligament)? _____
Answer: Ovarian vessels
Flashcard 93: _____ hemorrhoids receive visceral innervation from pelvic splanchnic nerves
Answer: Internal
Flashcard 94: The obturator nerve is commonly injured due to surgery of the _____ pelvis using a trocar
Answer: posterior
Flashcard 95: A rectocele is a prolapse of the _____ vaginal wall that can cause constipation
Answer: posterior
Flashcard 96: Injury to the anterior penile urethra (e.g. perineal straddle injury) can cause urine to leak beneath the deep fascia of _____
Answer: Buck
Flashcard 97: Varicocele most commonly occurs on the _____ side of the body
Answer: left
Flashcard 98: The primary location for the maturation and storage of sperm is the _____
Answer: epididymis
Flashcard 99: Which artery supplies the rectum below the pectinate line?_____
Answer: Inferior rectal artery (from the internal pudendal artery)
Flashcard 100: In teenagers, the most common anatomic deformity that increases the risk of testicular torsion is the _____
Answer: Bell Clapper deformity
Flashcard 101: What lymph nodes do the prostate, cervix, corpus cavernosum, and proximal vagina drain into?_____
Answer: Internal iliac nodes
Flashcard 102: In an anterior urethral injury, the _____ part of the urethra is damaged
Answer: bulbar (spongy)
Flashcard 103: In an anterior urethral injury, blood accumulates in the _____, and can spread into the perineal space
Answer: scrotum
Flashcard 104: Prostate metastases have a high predilection for the spine due to the prostates venous plexus connection to _____
Answer: Batson's venous plexus
Flashcard 105: Anal fissures are typically located _____ (direction), because this area is poorly perfused
Answer: posteromedially
Flashcard 106: Which lymph node cluster drains the prostate? _____
Answer: Internal iliac
Flashcard 107: What lymph nodes do the glans penis, clitoris, and penile urethra drain into?_____
Answer: Deep inguinal nodes
Flashcard 108: The outer, and largest, layer of the ovary is the _____, which contains all the oocytes enclosed in a follicle
Answer: cortex
Flashcard 109: Which lymph node cluster drains the cervix? _____
Answer: Internal iliac
Flashcard 110: Advanced cervical carcinoma tumors often invade through the anterior uterine wall into the bladder, blocking the _____
Answer: ureters
Flashcard 111: Which organ is mostly extraperitoneal?_____
Answer: Bladder
Flashcard 112: Which type of hemorrhoids are found above the pectinate line?_____
Answer: Internal hemorrhoids
Flashcard 113: What dermatomes are responsible for erections and sensation of the penile/anal zones? _____
Answer: S2, S3, S4
Flashcard 114: The obturator artery takes off from the _____ artery
Answer: internal iliac
Keywords: Pelvis/Perineum flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
Study by Chapter
Pelvic girdle and ligaments
Flashcards
Pelvic floor muscles
Flashcards
Male reproductive organs
Flashcards
Female reproductive organs
Flashcards
Urinary bladder and urethra
Flashcards
Rectum and anal canal
Flashcards
Perineum and ischioanal fossa
Flashcards
Pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels
Flashcards
Pelvic vasculature and lymphatics
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Clinical correlations in pelvis/perineum
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