Pelvic floor muscles — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: The _____ plexus innervates internal pelvic viscera

Answer: inferior hypogastric

Flashcard 2: The _____ is the furthest point of the abdominopelvic cavity in women, and is typically where infections and fluids collect

Answer: Pouch of Douglas

Flashcard 3: The _____ muscles hold the bladder and the urethra in the appropriate anatomic position and comprise the pelvic floor

Answer: levator ani

Flashcard 4: _____ hemorrhoids receive somatic innervation from the pudendal nerve

Answer: External

Flashcard 5: What is a vesicourachal diverticulum?

Answer: Partial failure of the urachus to obliterate at its distal end (bladder end)

Extra: The urachus is a remnant of the allantois. Types of urachal abnormalities: 1. Patent urachus: Total failure to obliterate (urine leaks from umbilicus). 2. Urachal cyst: Failure of the central portion to obliterate. 3. Urachal sinus: Failure of the proximal (umbilical) end to obliterate. 4. Vesicourachal diverticulum: Failure of the distal (bladder) end to obliterate (outpouching of the bladder).

Flashcard 6: What is the clinical presentation and cause of a patent urachus?

Answer: Urine discharge from the umbilicus due to failure of the urachus to obliterate

Extra: The urachus is a remnant of the allantois, which connects the bladder to the umbilicus. Persistence of the entire lumen results in a patent urachus.

Flashcard 7: wall of bladder

Answer: mesoderm

Flashcard 8: anal canal BELOW the pectinate line

Answer: surface ectoderm

Flashcard 9: How many coccygeal spinal nerves are there?

Answer: 1

Flashcard 10: How many sacral spinal nerves are there?

Answer: 5