Neuroanatomy — Flashcards

Flashcard 581: What type of cell (permanent, labile, stable) are neurons? _____

Answer: Permanent (do not divide in adulthood)

Flashcard 582: Which cranial nerve is affected in herpes zoster ophthalmicus?

Answer: Trigeminal nerve (CN V), specifically the ophthalmic (V1) branch

Flashcard 583: Which dopaminergic pathway connects the substantia nigra pars compacta to the neostriatum? _____

Answer: Nigrostriatal pathway

Flashcard 584: Bilateral loss of motor function, pain, and temperature sensation below a lesion level with spared dorsal column function is characteristic of occlusion of which artery?

Answer: Anterior spinal artery

Extra: This clinical presentation describes **Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome**. The anterior spinal artery supplies the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord (including the corticospinal and spinothalamic tracts), while the posterior spinal arteries supply the dorsal columns (sparing proprioception and vibration).

Flashcard 585: Do **intramedullary lesions of the medulla** affect the fibers of the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)?

Answer: No

Extra: The spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) originates from the **spinal accessory nucleus** located in the **ventral horn of the upper cervical spinal cord (C1-C5)**. Because the nerve originates in the spinal cord and its fibers ascend within the subarachnoid space (extramedullary) to enter the foramen magnum, **intramedullary lesions of the medulla** do not affect its fibers or nucleus.

Flashcard 586: Structures of the _____ system include the hippocampus, amygdala, fornix, mammillary bodies, and cingulate gyrus

Answer: limbic

Flashcard 587: The medial longitudinal fasciculus is _____ myelinated (heavily or lightly)

Answer: heavily

Flashcard 588: Which thalamic nucleus receives input from the spinothalamic tract and dorsal columns? _____

Answer: Ventral posterolateral (VPL)

Flashcard 589: Syrinx expansion in syringomyelia may lead to damage to the _____ motoneurons of the anterior horn

Answer: lower

Flashcard 590: Light reflex: The Edinger-Westphal nuclei send pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons to the _____ ganglia via CN III

Answer: ciliary