Neuroanatomy — Flashcards

Flashcard 471: _____ herniation is a potentially lethal complication of epidural hematoma

Answer: Transtentorial

Flashcard 472: Upper motoneurons initially descend _____-lateral to the LMNs they innervate

Answer: contra

Flashcard 473: The cell bodies of upper motoneurons are primarily found in the _____

Answer: primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)

Flashcard 474: What visual deficit results from lesion of the optic chiasm (e.g. pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma)? _____

Answer: Bitemporal hemianopia

Flashcard 475: Which spinal tract transmits pain and temperature sensation?

Answer: Spinothalamic tract

Flashcard 476: What structure is formed by the decussation of internal arcuate fibers in the medulla and carries fine touch, vibration, and proprioception to the VPL nucleus of the thalamus?

Answer: Medial lemniscus

Extra: The medial lemniscus represents the second-order neurons of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus (DCML) system. These neurons originate in the nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus, cross the midline as internal arcuate fibers in the medulla, and ascend to the ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus.

Flashcard 477: _____ are mural cells that wrap around endothelial cells and contribute to the blood-brain barrier

Answer: Pericytes

Flashcard 478: Axons that are myelinated by _____ have the potential to regenerate following injury

Answer: Schwann cells

Flashcard 479: Identify the brainstem level characterized by:\n- Presence of 4th ventricle\n- Ventral enlargement\n- Presence of CN V

Answer: Rostral pons

Flashcard 480: What cells synthesize the myelin for cranial nerve I?_____

Answer: None