Neuroanatomy — Flashcards

Flashcard 141: CN VII and VIII exit the skull through the _____

Answer: internal auditory meatus

Flashcard 142: ID Brainstem Level: - Presence of colliculi - Presence of cerebral aqueduct - Presence of cerebral peduncles - Presence of CN III Answer: _____

Answer: Rostral midbrain

Extra: The midbrain is divided into rostral (superior colliculus level) and caudal (inferior colliculus level) sections. CN III exits at the rostral level, while CN IV exits at the caudal level.

Flashcard 143: Purkinje cells in the lateral hemisphere of the cerebellum project to the _____ nucleus

Answer: dentate

Flashcard 144: The vestibular system communicates with the nucleus tractus solitarius via the _____ nerve (CN _____)

Answer: vestibulocochlear

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Anti-Emetics; "Vomitorium")

Flashcard 145: The GI tract directly communicates with the nucleus tractus solitarius via the _____ nerve (CN _____)

Answer: vagus

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Anti-Emetics; "Vomitorium")

Flashcard 146: The _____ is an iron-containing structure located in the tegmentum of the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination.

Answer: Red nucleus

Extra: The red nucleus is located in the tegmentum of the rostral midbrain (at the level of the superior colliculus). It is involved in motor coordination, specifically providing input to the rubrospinal tract which facilitates flexor muscle tone. Its reddish hue in fresh specimens is due to high vascularity and iron-containing pigments.

Flashcard 147: At the level of the **caudal medulla**, which tract is located on the lateral periphery and carries unconscious proprioception? _____

Answer: Spinocerebellar tract

Extra: The spinocerebellar tracts (dorsal and ventral) are located in the lateral aspect of the medulla. They carry unconscious proprioceptive information from the limbs and trunk to the cerebellum.

Flashcard 148: Chiari malformations (II and I) may compress the corticospinal motor tracts and lead to _____ motor neuron dysfunction

Answer: upper

Extra: * due to downward displacement of cerebelum, brainstem, craniocervical junction into spinal cord

Flashcard 149: The _____ horn of gray matter contains sensory neurons

Answer: dorsal

Flashcard 150: Causes of _____ hearing loss include damage to the cochlea, CN VIII, or central auditory connections

Answer: sensorineural