Orthopaedics & MSK — Flashcards

Flashcard 591: Describe the pathophysiology of acute angle closure glaucoma: _____

Answer: The lens & iris come into close apposition, causing obstruction of aqueous humour outflow from the posterior into the anterior chamber. This then blocks off the drainage into the trabecular meshwork because of the pressures

Flashcard 592: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) risk factors: _____ European or African descent Diabetes mellitus Myopia Corticosteroids use

Answer: Family history

Flashcard 593: What is the second-line management of primary open-angle glaucoma (360° SLT unsuitable or need additional treatment)? _____

Answer: Prostaglandin analogue (PGA) eyedrops

Flashcard 594: _____ is a sight-threatening emergency marked by a sudden ↑ in IOP due to obstruction of aqueous humour outflow

Answer: Acute angle closure glaucoma (AACG)

Flashcard 595: Management for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) following 360° SLT & PGA drops? _____ If POAG is refractory to medical therapy, consider trabeculectomy

Answer: Beta blocker / Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor / Sympathomimetic eye drops

Extra: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) management flowchart: 1. 1st line: Prostaglandin Analog (PGA) drops or Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT). 2. 2nd line: Add Beta-blockers (Timolol), Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Dorzolamide), or Alpha-2 Agonists (Brimonidine). 3. Refractory: Surgery (Trabeculectomy).

Flashcard 596: If acute angle closure glaucoma is NOT treated it will result in _____

Answer: permanent vision loss in that eye

Flashcard 597: _____ may present with crusting of the eyelashes, thickened eyelid margins, and a history of waking with eyelashes stuck together

Answer: Blepharitis

Flashcard 598: Anterior uveitis has a genetic predisposition to _____ autoimmune conditions

Answer: HLA-B27

Flashcard 599: Anterior uveitis can present with significant _____

Answer: photophobia

Flashcard 600: _____ can progress into glaucoma

Answer: Ocular hypertension