Orthopaedics & MSK — Flashcards

Flashcard 601: _____-angle glaucoma results in a painful, red eye and the pupil is fixed/non-reactive & semi-dilated

Answer: Acute closed

Flashcard 602: If acute angle closure glaucoma is NOT treated it will result in _____

Answer: permanent vision loss in that eye

Flashcard 603: Management for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) following 360° SLT & PGA drops? _____ If POAG is refractory to medical therapy, consider trabeculectomy

Answer: Beta blocker / Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor / Sympathomimetic eye drops

Extra: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) management flowchart: 1. 1st line: Prostaglandin Analog (PGA) drops or Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT). 2. 2nd line: Add Beta-blockers (Timolol), Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Dorzolamide), or Alpha-2 Agonists (Brimonidine). 3. Refractory: Surgery (Trabeculectomy).

Flashcard 604: Intra-ocular pressure in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is most commonly _____, but normal-tension glaucoma can also occur

Answer: ↑

Flashcard 605: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) presents with _____ visual field loss & normal visual acuity (until late stages).

Answer: peripheral

Flashcard 606: What is the first-line management for primary open-angle glaucoma with a IOP of ≥ 24 mmHg? _____

Answer: 360° selective laser trabeculoplasty

Flashcard 607: Describe the pathophysiology of acute angle closure glaucoma: _____

Answer: The lens & iris come into close apposition, causing obstruction of aqueous humour outflow from the posterior into the anterior chamber. This then blocks off the drainage into the trabecular meshwork because of the pressures

Flashcard 608: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is typically _____-lateral

Answer: bi

Flashcard 609: What are the fundoscopy findings for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG): _____, optic disc pallor, & bayonetting of vessels

Answer: Optic disc cupping

Flashcard 610: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) develops _____

Answer: gradually