Orthopaedics & MSK — Flashcards

Bone tumours may present with _____, the most common locations are subtrochanteric femur, humeral head and vertebral body

Hint: complication

Bone metastases may cause _____ and raised ALP

Hint: Metabolic disturbance

Risk of fracture in metastatic bone disease is determined using the _____

_____ and Radiotherapy are the 2 mainstays of treatment for metastatic spinal cord compression

What are the characteristics of back pain that suggest the presence of spinal metastases? • _____ back pain • Progressive back pain • Mechanical pain (e.g. aggraveted by standing, sitting or moving) • Aggravated by straining (e.g. coughing, sneezing or bowel movements) • Night-time back pain disturbing sleep • Localised tenderness • Claudication (pain or cramping in legs when exercising)

Hint: Severity and Timing

There are 2 main types of pathological pain: _____ and Neuropathic (nerve compression/injury)

Dry macular degeneration is characterized by _____, which is deposition of yellowish lipid material beneath the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and within Bruch's membrane

What is the management of a contact lens user with suspected keratitis? _____

Fundoscopic finding of yellowish extracellular deposits (Drusen) located between the RPE and Bruch's membrane is characteristic of _____

What is the leading cause of blindness in the UK?