Orthopaedics & MSK — Flashcards

Flashcard 551: What is the likely diagnosis in an elderly patient with progressive vision loss and metamorphopsia (vertical lines appearing bent/wavy on an Amsler grid)? _____

Answer: Age-related Macular degeneration (AMD)

Extra: Metamorphopsia (wavy lines) on the Amsler grid is a hallmark of macular pathology, most commonly Age-related Macular Degeneration in the elderly.

Flashcard 552: _____ macular degeneration has the worse prognosis

Answer: Wet

Flashcard 553: Severe macular degeneration can present with _____, which is known as Charles-Bonnet syndrome

Answer: visual hallucinations

Flashcard 554: Dry macular degeneration is characterized by _____, which is deposition of yellowish lipid material beneath the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and within Bruch's membrane

Answer: drusen

Flashcard 555: What is the management of suspected WET macular degeneration in primary care? _____

Answer: Urgent referral to a macula service (treatment should be started promptly)

Flashcard 556: Fundoscopic finding of yellowish extracellular deposits (Drusen) located between the RPE and Bruch's membrane is characteristic of _____

Answer: Age-related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

Flashcard 557: Macular degeneration presents with _____ visual acuity

Answer: ↓ or normal

Flashcard 558: What is the leading cause of blindness in the UK?

Answer: Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the overall leading cause of blindness in the UK. In the working-age population, diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause.

Flashcard 559: Infective conjunctivitis is often referred to as "_____"

Answer: pink eye

Flashcard 560: Some patients with central retinal artery occlusion may have macular sparing because of _____

Answer: the cilioretinal artery which may preserve central visual acuity