Orthopaedics & MSK — Flashcards

Flashcard 541: There are 2 main types of pathological pain: _____ and Neuropathic (nerve compression/injury)

Answer: Nociceptive (tissue distortion/injury)

Flashcard 542: Severe macular degeneration can present with _____, which is known as Charles-Bonnet syndrome

Answer: visual hallucinations

Flashcard 543: Dry macular degeneration is characterized by _____, which is deposition of yellowish lipid material beneath the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and within Bruch's membrane

Answer: drusen

Flashcard 544: What is the likely diagnosis in an elderly patient with progressive vision loss and metamorphopsia (vertical lines appearing bent/wavy on an Amsler grid)? _____

Answer: Age-related Macular degeneration (AMD)

Extra: Metamorphopsia (wavy lines) on the Amsler grid is a hallmark of macular pathology, most commonly Age-related Macular Degeneration in the elderly.

Flashcard 545: _____ macular degeneration has the worse prognosis

Answer: Wet

Flashcard 546: Macular degeneration presents with _____ visual acuity

Answer: ↓ or normal

Flashcard 547: Fundoscopic finding of yellowish extracellular deposits (Drusen) located between the RPE and Bruch's membrane is characteristic of _____

Answer: Age-related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

Flashcard 548: Wet macular degeneration is associated with _____ decrease in vision

Answer: rapid

Flashcard 549: What is the initial investigation of choice for Macular Degeneration after initial examination & fundoscopy? _____

Answer: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Extra: Amsler Grid is used for initial screening and home monitoring of metamorphopsia. OCT is the gold standard for non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of progression/therapy (e.g., in Wet AMD).

Flashcard 550: Traditionally age-related macular degeneration is classified as _____ & wet macular degeneration

Answer: dry macular degeneration