Orthopaedics & MSK — Flashcards

What are the most common sites of metastases in bones? 1: _____ 2: Pelvis 3: Ribs 4: Skull 5: Proximal long bones (e.g. femur & humerus)

Bone metastases may cause _____ and raised ALP

Hint: Metabolic disturbance

Bone metastases can be either _____ or osteolytic

What is the most common presenting symptom of bone metastases? _____

_____ and Radiotherapy are the 2 mainstays of treatment for metastatic spinal cord compression

People with suspected spinal metastases should recieve an _____ within 1 week

Hint: Investigation

Bone tumours may present with _____, the most common locations are subtrochanteric femur, humeral head and vertebral body

Hint: complication

What are the characteristics of back pain that suggest the presence of spinal metastases? • _____ back pain • Progressive back pain • Mechanical pain (e.g. aggraveted by standing, sitting or moving) • Aggravated by straining (e.g. coughing, sneezing or bowel movements) • Night-time back pain disturbing sleep • Localised tenderness • Claudication (pain or cramping in legs when exercising)

Hint: Severity and Timing

Risk of fracture in metastatic bone disease is determined using the _____

Do not use an _____ to rule out spinal metastases or metastatic spinal cord compression

Hint: Imaging modality