Orthopaedics & MSK — Flashcards

Flashcard 561: What is the initial investigation of choice for Macular Degeneration after initial examination & fundoscopy? _____

Answer: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Extra: Amsler Grid is used for initial screening and home monitoring of metamorphopsia. OCT is the gold standard for non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of progression/therapy (e.g., in Wet AMD).

Flashcard 562: _____ macular degeneration has the worse prognosis

Answer: Wet

Flashcard 563: Traditionally age-related macular degeneration is classified as _____ & wet macular degeneration

Answer: dry macular degeneration

Flashcard 564: What is the likely diagnosis in an elderly patient with progressive vision loss and metamorphopsia (vertical lines appearing bent/wavy on an Amsler grid)? _____

Answer: Age-related Macular degeneration (AMD)

Extra: Metamorphopsia (wavy lines) on the Amsler grid is a hallmark of macular pathology, most commonly Age-related Macular Degeneration in the elderly.

Flashcard 565: Dry macular degeneration is treated with _____ and antioxidant supplements; also smoking cessation if applicable

Answer: multivitamin

Flashcard 566: What is the management of keratitis? _____ Topical antibiotics Cyclopentolate (cycloplegic-mydriatic drug) for pain relief

Answer: Terminate use of contact lenses

Flashcard 567: Wet macular degeneration is associated with _____ decrease in vision

Answer: rapid

Flashcard 568: Macular degeneration presents with _____ visual acuity

Answer: ↓ or normal

Flashcard 569: What is the management of suspected WET macular degeneration in primary care? _____

Answer: Urgent referral to a macula service (treatment should be started promptly)

Flashcard 570: Macular degeneration presents with pain_____ loss of vision centrally-located

Answer: less