Orthopaedics & MSK — Flashcards

Flashcard 561: _____ presents with sudden monocular painless visual loss

Answer: Central retinal artery occlusion

Flashcard 562: Systemic clinical exam for suspected **central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)**: _____

Answer: **Eyes**: Fundoscopy (cherry red spot), Swinging light test (RAPD) **Cardiac**: Carotid auscultation (bruits), Heart auscultation (murmurs), Radial pulse (AF screening) **GCA**: History (jaw claudication, scalp tenderness), temporal artery palpation

Flashcard 563: Infective conjunctivitis _____ = serous dischage Infective conjunctivitis bacterial = muco-/purulent discharge

Answer: viral

Flashcard 564: Diagnosis of _____ should be ruled out in someone presenting with suspected central retinal artery occlusion because it is reversible

Answer: giant cell arteritis

Flashcard 565: Retinal detachment eventually results in monocular loss of vision like a(n) "_____"

Answer: curtain drawn down

Extra: Differential diagnosis for painless vision loss: 1. Retinal Detachment (Curtain description) 2. Amaurosis Fugax (Transient curtain) 3. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (Sudden, cherry red spot) 4. Vitreous Hemorrhage (Floaters, hazy view of fundus)

Flashcard 566: Central retinal artery occlusion can also be caused by: _____ causes (e.g. giant cell arteritis, SLE) Hypercoagulable disorders Retinal migraine (vasospasm) in younger patients

Answer: Inflammatory

Flashcard 567: _____ is an opthalmic emergency that is blockage of the blood flow in the central retinal artery causing painless vision loss

Answer: Central retinal artery occlusion

Flashcard 568: Acute management of central retinal artery occlusion within 90-100 minutes attempt an _____

Answer: ocular massage

Flashcard 569: Central retinal artery occlusion is characterized by acute, _____ monocular vision loss

Answer: painless

Flashcard 570: In Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO), fundoscopy may show a _____ at the centre of the macula.

Answer: "cherry-red" spot