Orthopaedics & MSK — Flashcards

What is the most common presenting symptom of bone metastases? _____

_____ and Radiotherapy are the 2 mainstays of treatment for metastatic spinal cord compression

If the risk of fracture for a long bone metastasis is greater than 33% then _____ is indicated

Hint: management

What are the characteristics of back pain that suggest the presence of spinal metastases? • _____ back pain • Progressive back pain • Mechanical pain (e.g. aggraveted by standing, sitting or moving) • Aggravated by straining (e.g. coughing, sneezing or bowel movements) • Night-time back pain disturbing sleep • Localised tenderness • Claudication (pain or cramping in legs when exercising)

Hint: Severity and Timing

What are the most common primary tumour locations causing bone metastases? 1: _____ 2: Breast 3: Lung

There are 2 main types of pathological pain: _____ and Neuropathic (nerve compression/injury)

What is the management of a contact lens user with suspected keratitis? _____

Dry macular degeneration is associated with _____ decrease in vision

Hint: speed

Dry macular degeneration is characterized by _____, which is deposition of yellowish lipid material beneath the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and within Bruch's membrane

Which type of macular degeneration is more common (>80%)? _____

Hint: Dry or Wet