Orthopaedics & MSK — Flashcards

Flashcard 251: Adhesive capsulitis = _____ ROM issues Rotator cuff disease = active ROM issues

Answer: passive and active

Flashcard 252: What imaging is done for shoulder dislocation? _____

Answer: X-ray; AP view + Y or axilliary view BOTH before & after reduction

Flashcard 253: Describe the three phases of adhesive capsulitis (in terms of pain & range of motion/stiffness)? Freezing: _____ Frozen: reduced shoulder pain, worsening ↓↓ ROM/stiffness Thawing: slowly improving movement

Answer: severe generalised shoulder pain, reduced ↓ ROM/stiffness

Flashcard 254: Adhesive capsulitis classically presents with _____ pain & stiffness/loss of movement (active & passive)

Answer: generalised shoulder

Flashcard 255: The _____ is the most common joint to dislocate **bonus: why?

Answer: shoulder

Extra: The shoulder's high mobility comes at the cost of stability. It is prone to dislocation because of the **disproportionate anatomy**: the large humeral head sits in a small, shallow glenoid cavity (likened to a golf ball on a tee), relying heavily on soft tissue (labrum, ligaments, and rotator cuff) rather than bony congruence for stability.

Flashcard 256: Adhesive capsulitis is a clinical diagnosis, but a(n) _____ should be considered

Answer: HbA1c

Flashcard 257: Which neurovascular structure(s) is commonly injured in anterior shoulder dislocation? _____

Answer: Axillary nerve

Flashcard 258: What is the management for uncomplicated shoulder dislocation? _____

Answer: Closed reduction

Flashcard 259: What is the second-line management for adhesive capsulitis after conservative measures? _____

Answer: Consider intra-articular / oral steroids

Flashcard 260: What is the management for complicated shoulder dislocation (e.g. fracture-dislocation, unsuccessful closed reduction, neurovascular injury)? _____

Answer: Surgical