Orthopaedics & MSK — Flashcards

Flashcard 261: Adhesive capsulitis is a clinical diagnosis, but a(n) _____ should be considered

Answer: HbA1c

Flashcard 262: The _____ is the most common joint to dislocate **bonus: why?

Answer: shoulder

Extra: The shoulder's high mobility comes at the cost of stability. It is prone to dislocation because of the **disproportionate anatomy**: the large humeral head sits in a small, shallow glenoid cavity (likened to a golf ball on a tee), relying heavily on soft tissue (labrum, ligaments, and rotator cuff) rather than bony congruence for stability.

Flashcard 263: Adhesive capsulitis classically presents with _____ pain & stiffness/loss of movement (active & passive)

Answer: generalised shoulder

Flashcard 264: Which neurovascular structure(s) is commonly injured in anterior shoulder dislocation? _____

Answer: Axillary nerve

Flashcard 265: What is the management for uncomplicated shoulder dislocation? _____

Answer: Closed reduction

Flashcard 266: What is the second-line management for adhesive capsulitis after conservative measures? _____

Answer: Consider intra-articular / oral steroids

Flashcard 267: _____ shoulder dislocations present with adduction & internal rotation

Answer: Posterior

Flashcard 268: What is the management for complicated shoulder dislocation (e.g. fracture-dislocation, unsuccessful closed reduction, neurovascular injury)? _____

Answer: Surgical

Flashcard 269: _____ shoulder dislocations present with arm held in fixed abduction >125°

Answer: Inferior

Flashcard 270: Posterior shoulder dislocations are caused by _____ & electrocution

Answer: seizures