Orthopaedics & MSK — Flashcards

What is the gold-standard investigation for diabetic retinopathy?\n_____

Diabetic retinopathy is classed into _____ & proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) that can be complicated by diabetic macular oedema (DME)

Diabetic retinopathy can also present with acute visual changes due to _____

What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with two months of progressive left shoulder stiffness? The patient has markedly decreased passive and active abduction, flexion, and rotation of the left shoulder _____

Hint: diagnosis?

Adhesive capsulitis = _____ ROM issues Rotator cuff disease = active ROM issues

Hint: passive/active/both

What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with an externally rotated shoulder that is close to body (handshake position), and numbness over the deltoid? _____

Hint: diagnosis

Adhesive capsulitis classically presents with _____ pain & stiffness/loss of movement (active & passive)

Spot diagnosis = _____

Describe the three phases of adhesive capsulitis (in terms of pain & range of motion/stiffness)? Freezing: _____ Frozen: reduced shoulder pain, worsening ↓↓ ROM/stiffness Thawing: slowly improving movement

Square shoulder (loss of rounded contour) is a sign of _____