Rheumatology & Haematology — Flashcards

Flashcard 451: How does _____ affect cells? Initial hyperproliferative phase (esp megakaryocytes) → followed by pancytopenia

Answer: primary myelofibrosis

Flashcard 452: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with pruritus, especially after bathing, splenomegaly, headaches, and pancytosis on laboratory exam? _____

Answer: Polycythemia vera

Flashcard 453: Polycythaemia vera has a mutation of the _____ gene that ↑ tyrosine kinase activity causing EPO-independent erythrocytosis

Answer: JAK2

Flashcard 454: SLE has accelerated _____ that is the most common cause of death

Answer: atherosclerosis

Flashcard 455: In SLE, levels of _____ are decreased during active disease (flares) due to consumption.

Answer: C3 and C4

Flashcard 456: _____ typically presents as erythematous, scaly plaques with follicular plugging and central scarring/atrophy.

Answer: Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE)

Extra: Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) features: • Well-demarcated erythematous plaques. • Adherent scale that extends into hair follicles (follicular plugging/carpet tack sign). • Central atrophy, scarring, and telangiectasia. • Most common on sun-exposed areas (face, scalp, ears). • Only 5-10% of DLE patients progress to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).

Flashcard 457: SLE is associated with hyper_____ states

Answer: oestrogenic

Flashcard 458: -ve _____ = rules OUT lupus

Answer: ANA (sensitive)

Flashcard 459: The characteristics of _____ may be remembered with the mnemonic "RASH OR PAIN": Rash (malar or discoid) Arthritis (usually involving ≥ 2 joints) Serositis (pleuritis and pericarditis) Hematologic disorders (e.g. cytopenias) Oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers (usually painless) Renal disease Photosensitivity Antinuclear antibodies Immunologic disorder (anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith, antiphospholipid) Neurologic disorder (seizures, psychosis)

Answer: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Flashcard 460: _____ is the most common culprit for drug-induced SLE

Answer: Hydralazine