Rheumatology & Haematology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Rheumatology & Haematology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Rheumatology & Haematology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 451: Chronic myeloid leukaemia is distinguished from a leukemoid reaction (benign neutrophilia) by a(n) low/decreased _____ stain
Answer: leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP)
Flashcard 452: What is the confirmatory investigation for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)?\n_____
Answer: Cytogenetics/FISH for BCR-ABL1 (Philadelphia chromosome)
Extra: CML is characterized by the t(9;22) translocation, forming the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. Confirmation and monitoring are done via Cytogenetics (Karyotyping), FISH, or RT-PCR. Moving forward, quantitative PCR is used to monitor molecular response to TKI therapy.
Flashcard 453: Accelerated phase of CML can present with _____ due to functional neutropenia (even if total WBC is high).
Answer: recurrent infections
Extra: WHO Criteria for Accelerated Phase CML:
1. Blasts 10–19% in PB or BM
2. PB basophils ≥20%
3. Persistent thrombocytopenia (<100 x 10⁹/L) unrelated to therapy or persistent thrombocytosis (>1000 x 10⁹/L) uncontrolled by therapy
4. Increasing spleen size and increasing WBC count unresponsive to therapy
5. Cytogenetic evidence of clonal evolution
Flashcard 454: What HLA subtypes are associated with SLE?
_____
Answer: HLA-DR2 & HLA-DR3
Flashcard 455: Which antibody is sensitive, but not specific for SLE?
_____
Answer: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA)
Flashcard 456: _____ typically presents as erythematous, scaly plaques with follicular plugging and central scarring/atrophy.
Answer: Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE)
Extra: Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) features:
• Well-demarcated erythematous plaques.
• Adherent scale that extends into hair follicles (follicular plugging/carpet tack sign).
• Central atrophy, scarring, and telangiectasia.
• Most common on sun-exposed areas (face, scalp, ears).
• Only 5-10% of DLE patients progress to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).
Flashcard 457: What is the immunosuppressive management of SLE?
Long-term: _____
Acute exacerbations/flares: Glucocorticoids
Active glomerulonephritis/severe flares: IV cyclophosphamide + glucocorticoid
Answer: Hydroxychloroquine
Flashcard 458: SLE affects _____ 10:1 typically of child-bearing age
Answer: females
Flashcard 459: In SLE, levels of _____ are decreased during active disease (flares) due to consumption.
Answer: C3 and C4
Flashcard 460: Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) is a common cause of death in patients with _____
Answer: SLE
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