Rheumatology & Haematology — Flashcards

Flashcard 441: What is the first-line management of chronic myeloid leukaemia that is used regardless of the phase? _____

Answer: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g. imatinib)

Flashcard 442: Which form of polycythaemia is associated with lung disease (e.g. COPD / obstructive sleep apnea), congenital heart disease, high altitude, or low birth weight? _____

Answer: Secondary polycythaemia

Flashcard 443: What are the initial investigations for chronic myeloid leukaemia? _____

Answer: FBC & peripheral blood smear

Flashcard 444: What is the most common cause of morbidity in polycythaemia vera? _____

Answer: Thrombosis

Flashcard 445: What phases does chronic myeloid leukaemia present in? _____ → Accelerated phase → Blast crisis / phase

Answer: Chronic phase

Flashcard 446: Chronic myeloid leukaemia may transform to acute _____ leukaemia (2/3rd of cases) Chronic myeloid leukaemia may transform to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (1/3rd of cases)

Answer: myeloid

Flashcard 447: _____ is a myeloproliferative disorder that leads to erythrocytosis with or without granulocytosis & thrombocytosis

Answer: Polycythaemia vera

Flashcard 448: What is the management of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in the blastic crisis? _____

Answer: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) + Induction chemotherapy + Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant

Extra: Blastic crisis is managed similarly to acute leukemia. Treatment involves a combination of high-dose TKIs (like dasatinib) and induction chemotherapy to return the patient to a second chronic phase, followed by an allogeneic stem cell transplant, which is the only curative option.

Flashcard 449: _____ is a myeloproliferative disorder causing a neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells, especially red blood cells

Answer: Polycythaemia vera

Flashcard 450: Secondary polycythemia (due to hypoxemia) is characterized by _____ SaO2 percentage.

Answer: decreased

Extra: Other causes of secondary polycythemia (like EPO-secreting tumors) may have normal SaO2 but elevated EPO.