Rheumatology & Haematology — Flashcards

Flashcard 371: What is the management of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)? _____

Answer: Stop transfusion and provide supportive care (oxygen, mechanical ventilation if needed)

Extra: Management of TRALI is primarily supportive. Unlike TACO (Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload), diuretics are generally not indicated in TRALI unless there is concurrent fluid overload, and aggressive fluids should be avoided as they can worsen respiratory status.

Flashcard 372: What is the management of transfusion-associated circulatory overload? _____

Answer: Stop/slow transfusion, respiratory support (O2), diuretics

Flashcard 373: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that develops a fever, chills, flushing, and malaise two hours after starting RBC tranfusion? Coombs test is negative. _____

Answer: Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction

Flashcard 374: What is the most common blood transfusion reaction? _____

Answer: Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction

Flashcard 375: What are the initial investigations for myelofibrosis? _____

Answer: FBC & blood smear

Flashcard 376: Delayed transfusion haemolytic transfusion reaction has +ve _____ test

Answer: direct antiglobulin (Coombs)

Flashcard 377: How does myelofibrosis lead to massive splenomegaly (pathophysiology)? _____

Answer: Proliferation of megakaryocytes that activate fibroblasts → fibrosis of bone marrow → erythropoiesis is impaired → extramedullary haematopoiesis (esp. spleen & liver) → hepatosplenomegaly

Flashcard 378: Which blood transfusion reaction can be caused by ABO incompatability? _____

Answer: Acute haemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR)

Flashcard 379: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that develops wheezing, urticaria, respiratory distress, and hypotension minutes after receiving a RBC transfusion? _____

Answer: Anaphylactic transfusion reaction

Flashcard 380: What are the examination finding(s) of myelofibrosis? _____

Answer: Massive splenomegaly + hepatomegaly