Rheumatology & Haematology — Flashcards

Flashcard 361: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with respiratory distress, hypotension, and noncardiogenic pulmonary oedema up to 6 hours after a blood transfusion? _____

Answer: Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

Flashcard 362: What is the most common blood transfusion reaction? _____

Answer: Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction

Flashcard 363: What is the definitive management of myelofibrosis? _____

Answer: Haematopoietic stem cell transplant

Flashcard 364: What is the management of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)? _____

Answer: Stop transfusion and provide supportive care (oxygen, mechanical ventilation if needed)

Extra: Management of TRALI is primarily supportive. Unlike TACO (Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload), diuretics are generally not indicated in TRALI unless there is concurrent fluid overload, and aggressive fluids should be avoided as they can worsen respiratory status.

Flashcard 365: What is the management of delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions? _____

Answer: Nothing; self-limiting

Flashcard 366: What distinguishing symptom is seen in acute haemolytic transfusion reaction? _____

Answer: Haemoglobinuria (due to a massive release of Hb)

Flashcard 367: What is the management of anaphylactic transfusion reaction? _____

Answer: Stop transfusion, IM adrenaline, ABC support (O2, fluids)

Flashcard 368: What is the management of febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions? _____

Answer: Stop/slow transfusion, IV paracetamol

Flashcard 369: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that develops a fever, chills, flushing, and malaise two hours after starting RBC tranfusion? Coombs test is negative. _____

Answer: Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction

Flashcard 370: What is the management of transfusion-associated circulatory overload? _____

Answer: Stop/slow transfusion, respiratory support (O2), diuretics