Rheumatology & Haematology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Rheumatology & Haematology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Rheumatology & Haematology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 311: Acute myeloid leukaemia is a malignant proliferation of _____ cells
Answer: myeloid progenitor
Flashcard 312: The confirmatory investigation for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is _____.
Answer: Bone marrow aspiration & biopsy
Extra: AML is suggested by Auer rods on peripheral smear. Confirmed by BM biopsy showing ≥ 20% myeloblasts. Special stains: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) positive.
Flashcard 313: Blood smear for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is typically associated with _____ blasts with scant cytoplasm and inconspicuous nucleoli.
Answer: small to medium
Extra: Lymphoblasts (ALL) are generally smaller than myeloblasts (AML). They have condensed/clumped chromatin, scant cytoplasm, and lack Auer rods.
Flashcard 314: Acute myeloid leukemia can cause _____ because of suppression of erythropoiesis
Answer: fatigue
Flashcard 315: FBC for acute myeloid leukaemia:
_____ thrombocytes
↓ Hb
↓/normal/↑ WBC (see below for caveat)
Answer: ↓
Extra: Caveat for WBC: While the total WBC count can be high (leukocytosis) due to circulating blasts, patients will actually have functional neutropenia.
Flashcard 316: What is the general management for acute myeloid leukaemia?
_____
Answer: - Induction chemotherapy
- Consolidation chemotherapy
Extra: In AML, the primary phases are Induction and Consolidation. Maintenance therapy is standard in ALL but is not typically used in AML (with the exception of APL/M3 and specific targeted therapies like FLT3 inhibitors in some protocols).
Flashcard 317: Blood smear in acute myeloid leukaemia (esp APL) is associated with _____
Answer: Auer rods
Flashcard 318: What is the likely diagnosis in an elderly patient with recurrent infections, ecchymoses, and a dermatological rash. Blood smear shows Auer rods.
_____
Answer: Acute myeloid leukaemia
Flashcard 319: What is the most common childhood malignancy?
_____
Answer: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Flashcard 320: Acute myeloid leukamia most often occurs in _____
Answer: older adults
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