Rheumatology & Haematology — Flashcards

Flashcard 301: Does acute myeloid leukaemia typically present with lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly? _____

Answer: No (rare)

Flashcard 302: Acute myeloid leukemia can cause _____ because of suppression of immune cells

Answer: infections

Flashcard 303: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) may occur secondary to malignancy, such as _____, due to activation of the coagulation cascade by primary granules

Answer: acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML sub-type)

Flashcard 304: FBC for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: _____ thrombocytes ↓ Hb ↓/normal/↑ WBC

Answer: ↓

Flashcard 305: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia can cause _____ because of suppression of thrombocytopoiesis

Answer: bleeding/bruising

Flashcard 306: Acute myeloid leukaemia is classified using the _____ classification system to predict prognosis and guide management decisions.

Answer: WHO (2022)

Extra: The WHO (2022) classification and the International Consensus Classification (ICC) are the current standards. Most AML subtypes still require ≥20% blasts in the blood or bone marrow, though some genetic-defined AMLs (like APL) can be diagnosed with lower blast counts.

Flashcard 307: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia most often occurs in _____

Answer: children

Flashcard 308: What is the likely diagnosis in an elderly patient with recurrent infections, ecchymoses, and a dermatological rash. Blood smear shows Auer rods. _____

Answer: Acute myeloid leukaemia

Flashcard 309: The confirmatory investigation for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is _____.

Answer: Bone marrow aspiration & biopsy

Extra: AML is suggested by Auer rods on peripheral smear. Confirmed by BM biopsy showing ≥ 20% myeloblasts. Special stains: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) positive.

Flashcard 310: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia may present with _____ pain due to infiltration of leukaemic cells in the periosteum

Answer: bone