Rheumatology & Haematology — Flashcards

Flashcard 321: Acute myeloid leukaemia is classified using the _____ classification system to predict prognosis and guide management decisions.

Answer: WHO (2022)

Extra: The WHO (2022) classification and the International Consensus Classification (ICC) are the current standards. Most AML subtypes still require ≥20% blasts in the blood or bone marrow, though some genetic-defined AMLs (like APL) can be diagnosed with lower blast counts.

Flashcard 322: What is the most common childhood malignancy? _____

Answer: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Flashcard 323: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia can cause _____ because of suppression of erythropoiesis

Answer: fatigue

Flashcard 324: _____ may occur secondary to AML, due to a markedly elevated WBC count leading to impaired microcirculation

Answer: Leukostasis

Flashcard 325: Acute myeloid leukamia most often occurs in _____

Answer: older adults

Flashcard 326: Acute myeloid leukemia progresses _____ within days to weeks

Answer: rapidly

Flashcard 327: The confirmatory investigation for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is _____.

Answer: Bone marrow aspiration & biopsy

Extra: AML is suggested by Auer rods on peripheral smear. Confirmed by BM biopsy showing ≥ 20% myeloblasts. Special stains: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) positive.

Flashcard 328: What are the three main phases of management for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)? _____

Answer: - Induction chemotherapy - Consolidation chemotherapy - Maintenance therapy

Flashcard 329: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cause is idiopathic but has a strong _____ link

Answer: familial

Flashcard 330: Blood smear for _____ is associated with smudge cells

Answer: chronic lymphocytic leukaemia