Respiratory Medicine — Flashcards

Flashcard 101: _____ respiratory alkalosis is compensated by decreased HCO3- reabsorption and decreased H+ excretion in the kidneys

Answer: Chronic

Flashcard 102: _____ is caused by alveolar hypoventilation

Answer: Respiratory acidosis

Flashcard 103: Mixed respiratory and metabolic alkalosis: pH: _____ pCO₂: ↓ HCO₃⁻: ↑

Answer: ↑

Flashcard 104: _____ cancer is the most common primary tumour that metastasises to the brain

Answer: Lung

Flashcard 105: What does a substantial diurnal variation in Peak Expiratory Flow suggest?

Answer: • A patient may have an asthmatic/steroid responsive feature

Flashcard 106: Respiratory Acidosis: pH: _____ pCO2: ↑ HCO3-: ↑

Answer: ↓

Flashcard 107: Next step in COPD management if patient remains breathless despite SABA/SAMA AND has asthma/steroid-responsive features?

Answer: Add LABA + ICS (Triple therapy would be LAMA + LABA + ICS)

Extra: According to NICE guidelines for COPD management: 1. If no asthmatic features: SABA/SAMA → LABA + LAMA. 2. If asthmatic features/steroid responsiveness (e.g., high eosinophils, history of asthma): SABA/SAMA → LABA + ICS. 3. If still symptomatic: Triple therapy (LAMA + LABA + ICS).

Flashcard 108: What is the normal value for lactate on ABG? _____

Answer: <2 mmol/L

Flashcard 109: What is the normal range for pH on ABG? _____

Answer: 7.35-7.45

Flashcard 110: What is the normal range for PaO2 on ABG? _____

Answer: 10 kPa less than the inspired FiO2 (e.g. Room air is 21% so normal PaO2 is 11 kPa)