Respiratory Medicine — Flashcards

Flashcard 91: Do plueral plaques need follow up?

Answer: • No • They are benign and do not undergo malignant change

Flashcard 92: Patient presents with persistent SOB, basal emphysema and abnormal LFTs, what is the diagnosis?

Answer: • Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Flashcard 93: Obstructive sleep apnoea is caused by reduced↓ tone of _____ during sleep, leading to apnoeic/hypoapnoeic episodes, which result in intermittent hypoxia & arousals from sleep

Answer: pharyngeal dilator muscles

Flashcard 94: What PEFR is classed as life-threatening Asthma?

Answer: PEFR <33% predicted or best

Extra: Features of **Life-Threatening Asthma**: • PEFR <33% predicted/best • SpO2 <92% • PaO2 <8 kPa (60 mmHg) • Normal PaCO2 (indicates exhaustion) • Silent chest, Cyanosis, or Feeble respiratory effort • Arrhythmia or Hypotension • Exhaustion, altered conscious level, or Coma

Flashcard 95: Uncontrolled obstructive sleep apnoea can lead to _____ and eventually cor pulmonale

Answer: pulmonary hypertension

Flashcard 96: Obstructive sleep apnoea presents with _____ with collateral history of loud snoring and apnoeic episodes during sleep

Answer: daytime somnolence

Flashcard 97: What is the investigation for obstructive sleep apnoea? First-line: Home _____ Gold-standard: polysomnography

Answer: respiratory polygraphy

Flashcard 98: Mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis: pH: _____ pCO₂: ↑ HCO₃⁻: ↓

Answer: ↓

Flashcard 99: _____ is caused by alveolar hyperventilation

Answer: Respiratory alkalosis

Flashcard 100: _____ cancer is the most common primary tumour that metastasises to the brain

Answer: Lung