Renal & Urology — Flashcards

Flashcard 291: _____ is the presence of bacteria in the urine without symptoms of UTI

Answer: Asymptomatic bacteriuria

Flashcard 292: What is the advice for nitrofurantion use in pregnancy (UTI)? _____

Answer: Avoid in the 3rd trimester

Flashcard 293: Proteus mirabilis is a gram -ve bacteria that classically forms large _____, which form from struvite stones, in the renal pelvis

Answer: 'staghorn' calculi

Flashcard 294: What is the investigation & management for asymptomatic catheter-associated bacteriuria? _____

Answer: No investigations or management

Flashcard 295: Which type of calcium kidney stone is more common? _____

Answer: Calcium oxalate

Flashcard 296: Calcium phosphate kidney stones precipitate with _____ urine pH

Answer: increased

Flashcard 297: Uric acid kidney stones are associated with hyper_____

Answer: uricaemia

Flashcard 298: What is the investigation & management for symptomatic UTIs in pregnancy?

Answer: - **Investigation:** Urine culture - **Management:** 7 days of empiric antibiotics: - Nitrofurantoin 100mg modified release BD for 7 days (AVOID in third trimester/at term) - Amoxicillin 500mg TDS for 7 days - Cefalexin 500mg TDS for 7 days

Flashcard 299: For recurrent calcium oxalate stones consider _____ supplementation and thiazide diuretics

Answer: potassium citrate

Extra: - **Thiazides**: Decrease urinary calcium excretion (hypocalciuric effect) by increasing calcium reabsorption in the distal tubule. - **Potassium Citrate**: Citrate binds to urinary calcium, preventing it from binding to oxalate. It also alkalinizes the urine, which inhibits stone formation.

Flashcard 300: Uric acid kidney stones precipitate with _____ urine pH

Answer: decreased