Renal & Urology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Renal & Urology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Renal & Urology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 301: Calcium phosphate kidney stones precipitate with _____ urine pH
Answer: increased
Flashcard 302: Describe the examination finding in pyelonephritis:
_____
Answer: Costovertebral angle tenderness → pain on percussion of the flank (usually unilateral, can be bilateral)
Flashcard 303: What type of kidney stone commonly requires surgical removal due to its size?
_____
Answer: Magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) stones
Flashcard 304: Urinary tract calculi (kidney stones) cause _____ unilateral flank pain that radiates to the groin
Answer: severe
Flashcard 305: Uric acid kidney stones are associated with hyper_____
Answer: uricaemia
Flashcard 306: What is the investigation & management for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy?
_____
Answer: **same as if it is symptomatic!
Urine culture
- 7 days of empiric antibiotics:
- Nitrofurantoin 100mg modified release BD for 7 days → AVOID in third trimester
- Amoxicillin 500mg TDS for 7 days
- Cefalexin 500mg TDS for 7 days
Flashcard 307: Consider prescribing _____ for postmenopausal women with recurrent UTIs
Answer: topical vaginal oestrogen
Flashcard 308: What is the investigation and management for symptomatic catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTI)?
Answer: - **Investigation**: Urine culture (mandatory for diagnosis).
- **Management**:
1. Remove or replace the indwelling catheter (if still needed).
2. Antibiotic therapy for 7 days (e.g., Nitrofurantoin, Trimethoprim, or Amoxicillin/Clavulanate as 1st line depending on local guidelines).
Flashcard 309: Uric acid kidney stones are often seen in diseases with increased _____ (e.g. leukemia, chemotherapy, myeloproliferative disorders)
Answer: cell turnover
Flashcard 310: What is the analgesic management for urinary tract calculi?
1st-line: _____
2nd-line: IV paracetamol
Answer: NSAID any route (traditionally IM diclofenac)
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