Renal & Urology — Flashcards

Flashcard 221: _____ proteinuria in minimal change disease reflects isolated podocyte injury & predicts good response to steroids

Answer: Selective

Flashcard 222: Nephrotic syndrome results in _____lipidaemia **bonus, why?

Answer: hyper

Extra: In nephrotic syndrome, the loss of albumin in urine (hypoalbuminemia) triggers the liver to compensate by increasing production of proteins, including lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL), leading to hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. Additionally, there is a decrease in the catabolism of lipids.

Flashcard 223: Chronic kidney disease: _____ HCO3- ↓ Ca2+ ↑ K+ ↑ Phosphate

Answer: ↓

Flashcard 224: Diagnosis of CKD is typically _____

Answer: incidental

Flashcard 225: KDIGO staging for acute kidney injury: AKI stage 3 is serum creatinine _____x the baseline

Answer: ≥ 3.0

Flashcard 226: _____ is used to manage CKD in stage 5 CKD or acute kidney injury

Answer: Renal Replacement Therapy

Flashcard 227: What is the first-line imaging for chronic kidney disease? _____

Answer: Renal ultrasound

Flashcard 228: Bone pain in CKD is caused by _____ from ↑ bone resorption

Answer: renal osteodystrophy

Flashcard 229: Primary nephrotic syndromes in children are most commonly caused by _____

Answer: minimal change disease

Flashcard 230: What are the light microscopy findings for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)? _____

Answer: Focal & segmental glomerular sclerosis with hyalinosis