Renal & Urology — Flashcards

Flashcard 211: _____-renal acute kidney injury is the most common mechanism

Answer: Pre

Flashcard 212: Minimal change disease is characterised by _____ of podocyte foot processes

Answer: effacement (fusion)

Flashcard 213: _____ is the sudden decline in renal function resulting in ↑ creatinine and/or ↓ urine ouput, leading to disturbances in electrolyte, fluid, & acid-base balance

Answer: Acute kidney injury (AKI)

Flashcard 214: The most common cause of post-renal AKI is _____ especially in elderly males

Answer: benign prostatic hyperplasia

Flashcard 215: What are the initial blood tests for chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Answer: Creatinine (for eGFR calculation)

Extra: Other relevant bloods include: FBC (anemia), U&Es (electrolytes), and Bone Profile (calcium, phosphate, ALP for CKD-MBD).

Flashcard 216: What are the light microscopy findings for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)? _____

Answer: Focal & segmental glomerular sclerosis with hyalinosis

Flashcard 217: Post-renal AKI is due to _____

Answer: obstruction of urine flow

Flashcard 218: Suspect _____ in a patient with chronic kidney disease that has pleuritic chest pain improved on leaning forward

Answer: uraemic pericarditis

Flashcard 219: Decreased production of the active form of vitamin _____ by the kidneys in CKD contributes to decreased Ca2+

Answer: D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)

Flashcard 220: Acute kidney injury causes _____ serum creatinine and/or decreased urine output

Answer: increased