Renal & Urology — Flashcards

Flashcard 211: KDIGO staging for acute kidney injury: AKI stage 2 is urine output < _____ mL/kg/hour for ≥12 hours

Answer: 0.5

Flashcard 212: What is the prognosis of minimal change disease? _____

Answer: Excellent in children

Flashcard 213: Hypertension in CKD is managed with _____ IF urine ACR > 30 mg/mmol

Answer: ARB or ACE inhibitors

Flashcard 214: Chronic kidney disease results in _____ due to decreased production of erythropoietin (EPO) by diseased kidneys

Answer: anaemia

Flashcard 215: What are the immunofluorescence findings for membranous nephropathy? _____

Answer: Granular depositions (immune complex) along the GBM

Flashcard 216: Minimal change disease is rarely associated with _____

Answer: NSAIDs

Flashcard 217: _____ proteinuria in minimal change disease reflects isolated podocyte injury & predicts good response to steroids

Answer: Selective

Flashcard 218: Nephrotic syndrome results in _____lipidaemia **bonus, why?

Answer: hyper

Extra: In nephrotic syndrome, the loss of albumin in urine (hypoalbuminemia) triggers the liver to compensate by increasing production of proteins, including lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL), leading to hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. Additionally, there is a decrease in the catabolism of lipids.

Flashcard 219: KDIGO staging for acute kidney injury: AKI stage 3 is serum creatinine _____x the baseline

Answer: ≥ 3.0

Flashcard 220: What is the first-line imaging for chronic kidney disease? _____

Answer: Renal ultrasound