Renal & Urology — Flashcards

Flashcard 191: Primary nephrotic syndromes in children are most commonly caused by _____

Answer: minimal change disease

Flashcard 192: What is the prognosis of minimal change disease? _____

Answer: Excellent in children

Flashcard 193: Chronic kidney disease: _____ HCO3- ↓ Ca2+ ↑ K+ ↑ Phosphate

Answer: ↓

Flashcard 194: Stages of CKD: G1: _____ G2: GFR 60-89 WITH evidence of kidney damage G3a: GFR 45-59 G3b: GFR 30-44 G4: GFR 15-29 G5: GFR < 15

Answer: GFR ≥ 90 WITH evidence of kidney damage

Flashcard 195: _____ is the sudden decline in renal function resulting in ↑ creatinine and/or ↓ urine ouput, leading to disturbances in electrolyte, fluid, & acid-base balance

Answer: Acute kidney injury (AKI)

Flashcard 196: Nephrotic syndrome results in _____lipidaemia **bonus, why?

Answer: hyper

Extra: In nephrotic syndrome, the loss of albumin in urine (hypoalbuminemia) triggers the liver to compensate by increasing production of proteins, including lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL), leading to hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. Additionally, there is a decrease in the catabolism of lipids.

Flashcard 197: Minimal change disease is characterised by _____ of podocyte foot processes

Answer: effacement (fusion)

Flashcard 198: Chronic kidney disease results in _____ due to decreased production of erythropoietin (EPO) by diseased kidneys

Answer: anaemia

Flashcard 199: Hypertension in CKD is managed with _____ IF urine ACR > 30 mg/mmol

Answer: ARB or ACE inhibitors

Flashcard 200: KDIGO staging for acute kidney injury: AKI stage 3 is serum creatinine _____x the baseline

Answer: ≥ 3.0