Renal & Urology — Flashcards

Flashcard 181: _____ is used to manage CKD in stage 5 CKD or acute kidney injury

Answer: Renal Replacement Therapy

Flashcard 182: Minimal change disease is most commonly _____, but can be triggered by infections (viral URTI), drugs, malignancy, & allergy

Answer: idiopathic

Flashcard 183: KDIGO staging for acute kidney injury: AKI stage 2 is urine output < _____ mL/kg/hour for ≥12 hours

Answer: 0.5

Flashcard 184: Primary membranous nephropathy is associated with _____ antibodies

Answer: anti-PLA2R

Flashcard 185: What is the prognosis of minimal change disease? _____

Answer: Excellent in children

Flashcard 186: Secondary nephrotic syndrome can be caused by systemic _____

Answer: amyloidosis

Flashcard 187: Nephrotic syndrome results in _____lipidaemia **bonus, why?

Answer: hyper

Extra: In nephrotic syndrome, the loss of albumin in urine (hypoalbuminemia) triggers the liver to compensate by increasing production of proteins, including lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL), leading to hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. Additionally, there is a decrease in the catabolism of lipids.

Flashcard 188: Chronic kidney disease results in _____ due to decreased production of erythropoietin (EPO) by diseased kidneys

Answer: anaemia

Flashcard 189: When is a renal biopsy done for nephrotic syndrome? _____

Answer: Typically in adults with no clear secondary cause

Flashcard 190: Primary nephrotic syndromes in children are most commonly caused by _____

Answer: minimal change disease