Neurology — Flashcards

Flashcard 551: 6 hours after a subarachnoid haemorrhage the patient may present with _____ due to chemical meningitis

Answer: nuchal rigidity

Flashcard 552: ALS presents with asymmetric flaccid paralysis in the _____ limbs

Answer: upper

Flashcard 553: What other management is used for MND besides riluzole? _____

Answer: Non-invasive ventilation (usually BiPap) at night

Flashcard 554: Elderly patient presents with progressive confusion and fluctuating consciousness weeks after a minor fall. _____?

Answer: Chronic subdural haemorrhage

Flashcard 555: If a lumbar puncture is indicated in SAH, it should be performed _____ after symptom onset.

Answer: 12 hours

Extra: Waiting 12 hours allows for the development of **xanthochromia** (bilirubin in the CSF), which is necessary to distinguish a true subarachnoid hemorrhage from a traumatic tap.

Flashcard 556: How to distinguish between an acute subdural haemorrhage vs epidural haemorrhage on CT? _____

Answer: Acute SDH crosses suture lines, EDH does not

Flashcard 557: What is the management for subdural haemorrhages? Small/incidental cases are managed _____ Large/symptomatic/↑ ICP/midline shift cases are managed surgically (burr hole or craniotomy & clot evacuation)

Answer: conservatively (control ICP)

Flashcard 558: ~10% of spontaneous SAH are caused by _____ or an anticoagulated state

Answer: arteriovenous (AV) malformations

Flashcard 559: What features are almost always spared in motor neuron disease? _____

Answer: sensory symptoms are unaffected, bladder & bowel function is unaffected, occular muscles are unaffected

Flashcard 560: _____ haemorrhage is characterised by a(n) crescent-shaped collection of blood on CT

Answer: Subdural