Epilepsy and seizures — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: What condition would anticholinergic medication be contraindicated for urgency incontinence _____

Answer: Myasthenia Gravis

Flashcard 2: Patients with suspected Parkinson's Disease should receive a _____ referral to a specialist (Neurologist or geriatrician) for diagnosis.

Answer: urgent

Extra: Early referral is essential to confirm the diagnosis using clinical criteria (as there is no definitive biomarker) and to initiate therapy before significant functional impairment occurs.

Flashcard 3: Which of the Parkinsons drugs are associated with the greatest improvement in symptoms _____

Answer: Levodopa

Flashcard 4: Extrapyradimal effects of Metoclopramide use is risk of _____

Answer: Acute Dystonia

Flashcard 5: What is the most important side effect of Levodopa _____

Answer: postural hypotension

Flashcard 6: The tremor seen in Parkinson's disease is a _____ that improves with voluntary movement

Answer: unilateral tremor

Flashcard 7: Bromocriptine, Ropinirole, Cabergoline and Apomorphine are examples of _____

Answer: dopamine agonist

Flashcard 8: _____ levels can be elevated in Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) due to muscle rigidity.

Answer: Creatine kinase (CK)

Extra: Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is an idiosyncratic reaction to dopamine antagonists. It is characterized by the tetrad of: Mental status changes, Autonomic instability, Rigidity (lead-pipe), and Hyperpyrexia. Muscle necrosis from intense rigidity leads to elevated CK and potentially rhabdomyolysis.

Flashcard 9: Patient with a spinal cord injury develops severe hypertension & found to have a full bladder indicates _____

Answer: Autonomic Dysreflexia

Flashcard 10: TIAs _____ cause a loss of consciousness

Answer: do not