Gastroenterology & Hepatology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Gastroenterology & Hepatology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Gastroenterology & Hepatology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 81: What type of antibiotics can influence the risk of C.Diff infection?
Answer: High-risk antibiotics include the '4 Cs':
1. Cephalosporins (especially 2nd and 3rd gen)
2. Clindamycin
3. Ciprofloxacin (Fluoroquinolones)
4. Co-amoxiclav (Amoxicillin-clavulanate)
Flashcard 82: What gene is associated with HNPCC (Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal carcinoma)
Answer: DNA Mismatch Repair (MMR) genes: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2.
Extra: HNPCC is also known as Lynch Syndrome. Mutation in MSH2 (approx 30%) and MLH1 (approx 30%) are the most common. These genes are responsible for correcting errors during DNA replication (Microsatellite Instability).
Flashcard 83: What is an adenocarcinoma?
Answer:
• Type of cancer that originates in the glandular cells
• which line organs and secrete substances like mucus (secretory)
Flashcard 84: What type of oesophageal cancers are associated with GORD or Barret's disease?
Answer:
• Adenocarcinoma
Flashcard 85: What is Diversion Colitis?
Answer:
• A condition in which a person's colon becomes inflamed following ostomy surgery
Flashcard 86: If HBsAg is positive and Anti-HBc is positive what is the interpretation?
Answer: **Current Hepatitis B Infection** (Acute or Chronic)
To differentiate:
• **Acute Infection:** HBsAg (+), Anti-HBc (+), **IgM** anti-HBc (+)
• **Chronic Infection:** HBsAg (+), Anti-HBc (+), **IgG** anti-HBc (+) / IgM anti-HBc (-)
Flashcard 87: Courvoisier's law states that in the presence of painless obstructive jaundice, a palpable gallbladder is...
Answer: A palpable gallbladder is unlikely to be due to gallstones (more likely to be due to malignancy, e.g., pancreatic cancer).
Flashcard 88: What should be suspected in all patients who have diarrhoea shortly following antibiotic therapy?
Answer:
• C.Diff Infection
Flashcard 89: You wish to screen a patient for hepatitis B infection. Which one of the following is the most suitable test to perform?
Answer: HBsAg
Flashcard 90: What is halitosis?
Answer:
• Bad breath
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