Gastroenterology & Hepatology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Gastroenterology & Hepatology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Gastroenterology & Hepatology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 91: Serum caeruloplasmin in Wilson's Disease is?
Answer:
• decreased
Flashcard 92: Prolonged vomiting/NG tube suctioning:
Acid-Base Abnormality: _____
Cl-: ↓
K+: ↓
Answer: Metabolic alkalosis
Flashcard 93: What is the reference range for Bilirubin?
Answer: 3-17 umol/l
Flashcard 94: What happens to serum caeruloplasmin in Wilson's disease?
Answer:
• Decreased
Flashcard 95: What is the managment in life-threatening C.Diff?
Answer: Oral vancomycin (higher dose) + IV metronidazole + Vancomycin rectal enema (if ileus present)
Extra: Fulminant (life-threatening) C. difficile is characterized by hypotension/shock, ileus, or megacolon.
Management involves:
1. High-dose oral Vancomycin (500 mg QID).
2. IV Metronidazole (500 mg TID).
3. If ileus is present, add rectal Vancomycin enemas.
4. Surgical consultation for possible subtotal colectomy or diverting loop ileostomy.
Flashcard 96: What is the gold-standard investigation for Oesophageal Cancer?
Answer: Upper GI Endoscopy + Biopsy
Extra: • **Investigation of choice (IOC) & Gold Standard for diagnosis:** Upper GI Endoscopy (UGIE) + Biopsy.
• **IOC for local staging (T and N staging):** Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS).
• **IOC for distant metastasis (M staging):** Contrast-Enhanced CT (CECT) of the chest and abdomen or PET-CT.
Flashcard 97: What GI condition is associated with pigmented freckles on the lips, face, palms and sole?
Answer:
• Peutz-Jegher's Syndrome
Flashcard 98: Patients with HNPCC are also at higher risk of what other types of cancer?
Answer: Endometrial cancer (most common), Ovarian, Gastric, and Small bowel cancer.
Extra: Lynch syndrome (HNPCC) is caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2), leading to microsatellite instability (MSI). Endometrial carcinoma is the most frequent extracolonic tumor.
Flashcard 99: What is HNPCC?
Answer: Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma
Flashcard 100: What is Dyspepsia?
Answer: A collection of symptoms:
- Epigastric Pain
- Bloating
- Nausea
- Regurgitiation
- Heartburn
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