Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 731: _____ cancer is the 4th most common type of cancer in the UK

Answer: Colorectal

Flashcard 732: Colorectal carcinoma is most commonly because of a _____ mutation

Answer: sporadic

Flashcard 733: Quick Interpretation: _____ [Credit: British Journal of General Practice]

Answer: Sister Mary Joseph nodule seen in GI / pelvic cancer (metastasis)

Flashcard 734: _____ of the oesophagus risk factors: - GORD - Barrett's oesophagus - Obesity - Smoking

Answer: Adenocarcinoma

Flashcard 735: A 70 years old patient presents complaining of progressive dysphagia and weight loss. Past medical history is positive for GORD. She has a 40 pack year history of smoking. Barium swallow reveals asymmetric narrowing of the lumen. What is the most likely diagnosis?\n_____ (Bonus: What type?)

Answer: Oesophageal cancer

Flashcard 736: If the Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) is abnormal (↑ raised) then offer _____

Answer: a colonoscopy (2 week wait)

Flashcard 737: What type of oesophageal cancer is seen with a history of smoking and drinking? _____

Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma

Flashcard 738: _____ indicates right-sided colorectal cancer, whereas hematochezia is more common in distal/left-sided lesions.

Answer: Iron deficiency anemia/Occult blood

Extra: Left-sided lesions (descending/sigmoid) are more likely to cause change in bowel habits, obstruction, or hematochezia (bright red blood per rectum).

Flashcard 739: _____ colorectal cancer is managed with a right hemicolectomy

Answer: Caecal, asceding colon, proximal transverse colon

Flashcard 740: _____ hemorrhoids are generally painless, whereas external hemorrhoids are painful (especially when thrombosed).

Answer: Internal

Extra: Internal hemorrhoids occur above the dentate line (visceral innervation/painless). External hemorrhoids occur below the dentate line (somatic innervation via inferior rectal nerve/painful).