Gastroenterology & Hepatology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Gastroenterology & Hepatology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Gastroenterology & Hepatology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 721: What is the initial/first-line investigation for small bowel obstruction?
_____ in supine position
Answer: AXR
Extra: Classical AXR findings in Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO):
1. Dilated bowel loops (>3 cm).
2. Valvulae conniventes (plicae circulares) crossing the full width of the bowel.
3. Multiple air-fluid levels (best seen on erect film; supine is better for visualizing loop distribution and gas patterns).
Flashcard 722: _____ may cause bloody or non-bloody diarrhoea
Answer: Crohn's disease
Flashcard 723: Acutely thrombosed external haemorrhoids should be managed with _____ if presented within 72 hours of symptom onset.
Answer: excision
Extra: Management of Thrombosed External Hemorrhoids:
- < 72 hours: Surgical excision/evacuation.
- > 72 hours: Conservative management.
Note: Internal hemorrhoids are generally not excised acutely in the same manner unless strangulated.
Flashcard 724: Crohn's disease typically presents in _____
Answer: young adulthood
Extra: Crohn's disease has a bimodal age distribution. The first and largest peak occurs between ages 15 and 35 (adolescence/young adulthood). It does not typically present in childhood (pediatrics), although it can occur there.
Flashcard 725: What is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction in children?
_____
Answer: Intussusception
Extra: Intussusception is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in infants (6 months to 3 years). In adults, the most common cause is post-surgical adhesions.
Flashcard 726: In a patient with a perianal abscess, _____ may be used to identify an underlying cause (e.g., Crohn's disease).
Answer: colonoscopy and blood tests
Extra: While the acute management of a perianal abscess is incision and drainage, investigations like colonoscopy are focused on identifying underlying causes such as Crohn's disease or malignancy. Blood tests (CRP/ESR) help assess systemic inflammation.
Flashcard 727: _____ is characterised by mucosal and submucosal continuous inflammation.
Answer: Ulcerative colitis
Extra: Ulcerative colitis:
- Depth: Mucosa and submucosa (superficial)
- Progression: Continuous, starting from rectum
- Key Features: Crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps, loss of haustra (lead pipe appearance)
Flashcard 728: _____ is an extraintestinal manifestation seen in both UC and Crohn's, but extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are generally more common in Crohn's disease
Answer: Uveitis
Extra: Most extraintestinal manifestations (Uveitis, Erythema Nodosum, Peripheral Arthritis) are more common in Crohn's Disease than in Ulcerative Colitis.
The notable exception is **Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)**, which has a very strong association with **Ulcerative Colitis** (about 70-80% of PSC patients have UC).
Flashcard 729: Colorectal cancers initially start as benign _____
Answer: adenomas/polyps
Flashcard 730: Colorectal carcinoma is staged using the _____ scale or TNM
Answer: Duke's
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