Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 721: Colorectal cancers initially start as benign _____

Answer: adenomas/polyps

Flashcard 722: Odynophagia could be an insidious symptom of _____

Answer: oesophageal cancer

Flashcard 723: The most common presentation of haemorrhoids is _____

Answer: painless, bright red bleeding

Flashcard 724: _____ of oesophagus = squamous cell carcinoma Lower 1/3rds of oesophagus = adenocarcinoma

Answer: Upper 2/3rds

Flashcard 725: Rectal carcinoma resection REQUIRES a _____ distal clearance margin

Answer: 2cm

Flashcard 726: _____ of the oesophagus risk factors: - GORD - Barrett's oesophagus - Obesity - Smoking

Answer: Adenocarcinoma

Flashcard 727: What investigation is done for staging oesophageal cancer? _____

Answer: CT scan chest, abdomen, pelvis

Flashcard 728: _____ indicates right-sided colorectal cancer, whereas hematochezia is more common in distal/left-sided lesions.

Answer: Iron deficiency anemia/Occult blood

Extra: Left-sided lesions (descending/sigmoid) are more likely to cause change in bowel habits, obstruction, or hematochezia (bright red blood per rectum).

Flashcard 729: The blood in haemorrhoids presents as _____ and is seen on toilet paper

Answer: bright red

Flashcard 730: What is the management of benign colorectal adenomas? _____

Answer: Removal of polyps via colonoscopy