Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 641: _____ may cause bloody or non-bloody diarrhoea

Answer: Crohn's disease

Flashcard 642: What is the initial/first-line investigation for small bowel obstruction? _____ in supine position

Answer: AXR

Extra: Classical AXR findings in Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO): 1. Dilated bowel loops (>3 cm). 2. Valvulae conniventes (plicae circulares) crossing the full width of the bowel. 3. Multiple air-fluid levels (best seen on erect film; supine is better for visualizing loop distribution and gas patterns).

Flashcard 643: What is the most common surgery for Crohn's disease?

Answer: Ileocecal resection is the most common surgical procedure performed for Crohn's disease, typically indicated for terminal ileitis or complications like strictures and fistulas.

Flashcard 644: What is the investigation of choice for severe colitis in ulcerative colitis? _____

Answer: Flexible sigmoidoscopy

Extra: In toxic megacolon (a complication of severe colitis), the initial investigation is an abdominal X-ray.

Flashcard 645: What is the management for inducing remission in mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis with extensive disease? First-line: _____

Answer: topical 5-ASA + high-dose oral 5-ASA

Flashcard 646: What is the management of perianal fistulae? First-line: _____ Second-line: Surgical - fistulotomy, seton placement

Answer: Metronidazole

Flashcard 647: Small bowel obstruction presents with _____ in complete obstruction

Answer: absolute constipation

Flashcard 648: Which inflammatory bowel disease is associated with a "lead pipe" appearance of the colon on AXR following barium enema? _____

Answer: Ulcerative colitis → loss of haustra

Flashcard 649: _____ accounts for ~80% of cases of intestinal obstruction

Answer: Small bowel obstruction

Flashcard 650: What is the management for inducing remission in mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis? 1st-line: _____ Remission not achieved within 4 weeks → add oral 5-ASA

Answer: topical 5-ASA