Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 51: Barrett's oesophagus is the replacement of _____ with columnar epithelium

Answer: stratified squamous epithelium

Flashcard 52: Barrett's oesophagus is proximal extension of the _____ junction (Z-line) into the distal oesophageal mucosa

Answer: squamocolumnar

Flashcard 53: The surveillance for long-segment (≥ 3 cm) non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus is endoscopy every _____.

Answer: 3 years

Extra: Surveillance intervals for non-dysplastic Barrett's Esophagus (BE): - **Short-segment (< 3 cm):** Every 5 years. - **Long-segment (≥ 3 cm):** Every 3 years. *Note: If low-grade dysplasia is present, intervals are shortened (e.g., every 6–12 months) or endoscopic eradication therapy is performed.*

Flashcard 54: GORD is typically worse after _____ and lying flat

Answer: large meals

Flashcard 55: Short-segment Barrett's oesophagus is < _____ cm Long-segment Barrett's oesophagus is > 3 cm

Answer: 3

Flashcard 56: What is the management for Barrett's oeosphagus WITH high-grade dysplasia? _____

Answer: Offer endoscopic resection

Flashcard 57: GORD (acid reflux) symptoms can be rapidly relieved with over the counter _____ but long-term use is NOT recommended

Answer: antacids

Flashcard 58: GORD presents with _____ burning pain, regurgitation (acid taste), and a chronic cough worse at night

Answer: retrosternal

Flashcard 59: What is the likely diagnosis in a middle-age patient presents with burning chest pain and a chronic non-productive cough unrelated to activity. He has a BMI of 34 kg/m2 with normal cardiac & respiratory examination. _____

Answer: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD)

Flashcard 60: What is the investigation for GORD (acid reflux) if further investigations are needed? _____

Answer: Oesophago-gastroduodenoscopy