Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 151: What complication can occur in norovirus & rotavirus? _____

Answer: Dehydration → assess fluid status (mucous membranes, capilliary refill, BP, HR, U&Es, urine output)

Flashcard 152: Norovirus high ↑ virulence is associated with _____

Answer: rapid outbreaks (nursing homes, hospital wards, cruise ships, daycare)

Flashcard 153: What is the likely cause of chronic watery diarrhoea in a HIV patient with a CD4+ count of 92/mm3 and abdomnial cramps with a low-grade fever? _____

Answer: Cryptosporidiosis

Flashcard 154: Antibiotics _____ indicated in enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) because of ↑ increased risk of haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Answer: are NOT

Flashcard 155: Giardiasis Initial investigation: _____ Most sensitive test (often gold-standard): Stool PCR or Antigen assay (ELISA)

Answer: Stool microscopy for cysts/trophozoites

Extra: Drug of Choice: Tinidazole or Metronidazole.

Flashcard 156: What microorganism is associated with children causing rapid-onset high fever, bloody diarrhoea ± seizures? _____

Answer: Shigella

Flashcard 157: Vibrio cholerae can lead to fatal _____

Answer: dehydration → urgent fluids may be necessary if severe

Flashcard 158: What are the two bacteria that cause rapid-onset (<6hr) food poisoning with vomiting? _____ and bacillus cereus (emetic syndrome)

Answer: Staphylococcus aureus

Flashcard 159: Acute diarrhoea associated with undercooked chicken implicates _____ & Campylobacter jejuni

Answer: Salmonella (non-typhoidal)

Flashcard 160: What is the likely cause of fatty, foul-smelling diarrhoea, bloating, & abdominal pain in a patient with recent travel to thailand? _____

Answer: Giardiasis