Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 111: What is an isolated rise in bilirubin in response to physiological stress is typical of?

Answer: Gilbert's Syndrome

Flashcard 112: What should be suspected in all patients who have diarrhoea shortly following antibiotic therapy?

Answer: • C.Diff Infection

Flashcard 113: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis is most associated with?

Answer: • Ulcerative Colitis (UC)

Flashcard 114: T2DM with abnormal LFTs?

Answer: NAFLD (Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) / MASLD

Flashcard 115: Small bowel obstruction (often due to intussusception) is a common presenting complaint in?

Answer: Peutz-Jegher's Syndrome

Flashcard 116: What GI condition is associated with pigmented freckles on the lips, face, palms and sole?

Answer: • Peutz-Jegher's Syndrome

Flashcard 117: Which part of the colon is most likely affected in Ischaemic colitis?

Answer: • Splenic flexure

Flashcard 118: What is the gold-standard investigation for Oesophageal Cancer?

Answer: Upper GI Endoscopy + Biopsy

Extra: • **Investigation of choice (IOC) & Gold Standard for diagnosis:** Upper GI Endoscopy (UGIE) + Biopsy. • **IOC for local staging (T and N staging):** Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS). • **IOC for distant metastasis (M staging):** Contrast-Enhanced CT (CECT) of the chest and abdomen or PET-CT.

Flashcard 119: What is Dyspepsia?

Answer: A collection of symptoms: - Epigastric Pain - Bloating - Nausea - Regurgitiation - Heartburn

Flashcard 120: What is the managment in life-threatening C.Diff?

Answer: Oral vancomycin (higher dose) + IV metronidazole + Vancomycin rectal enema (if ileus present)

Extra: Fulminant (life-threatening) C. difficile is characterized by hypotension/shock, ileus, or megacolon. Management involves: 1. High-dose oral Vancomycin (500 mg QID). 2. IV Metronidazole (500 mg TID). 3. If ileus is present, add rectal Vancomycin enemas. 4. Surgical consultation for possible subtotal colectomy or diverting loop ileostomy.