Gastroenterology & Hepatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 111: What is Intussusception?

Answer: • Segement of intestine telescopes into an adjacent segement

Flashcard 112: What is usually used to induce remission in Crohn's disease?

Answer: Glucocorticosteroids (e.g., Prednisone, Budesonide)± 5-ASA or immunosuppressants.

Flashcard 113: What is an isolated rise in bilirubin in response to physiological stress is typical of?

Answer: Gilbert's Syndrome

Flashcard 114: What happens to serum caeruloplasmin in Wilson's disease?

Answer: • Decreased

Flashcard 115: You wish to screen a patient for hepatitis B infection. Which one of the following is the most suitable test to perform?

Answer: HBsAg

Flashcard 116: What is Odynophagia?

Answer: Painful swallowing

Flashcard 117: What is the gold-standard investigation for Oesophageal Cancer?

Answer: Upper GI Endoscopy + Biopsy

Extra: • **Investigation of choice (IOC) & Gold Standard for diagnosis:** Upper GI Endoscopy (UGIE) + Biopsy. • **IOC for local staging (T and N staging):** Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS). • **IOC for distant metastasis (M staging):** Contrast-Enhanced CT (CECT) of the chest and abdomen or PET-CT.

Flashcard 118: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis is most associated with?

Answer: • Ulcerative Colitis (UC)

Flashcard 119: A severe flare of ulcerative colitis should be...

Answer: treated in hospital with IV corticosteroids

Flashcard 120: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient presenting with yellow discoloration (jaundice) and dark rings around the iris of both eyes?

Answer: Wilson's disease (diagnostic feature: Kayser-Fleischer rings)

Extra: Kayser-Fleischer (KF) rings are dark, brownish/copper-colored rings seen in the Descemet membrane of the cornea. Yellow discoloration (jaundice) + KF rings in a young patient strongly suggest Wilson's disease.