Endocrinology & Diabetes UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Endocrinology & Diabetes with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Endocrinology & Diabetes Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 591: Children with Cushing's disease may experience _____ due to suppression of GH secretion and pseudoprecocity (virilization) due to increased adrenal androgens.
Answer: stunted growth
Extra: In pediatric Cushing's, the combination of weight gain with a decrease in linear growth velocity is a classic presentation. While adrenal androgens cause signs like pubic hair and acne (pseudoprecocity/virilization), the underlying hypercortisolism typically inhibits the gonadotropic axis, leading to delayed true puberty.
Flashcard 592: Ectopic ACTH production is characteristically associated with _____ to cause Cushing's Syndrome.
Answer: small cell lung cancers
Extra: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most common cause of ectopic ACTH production (paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome). Other causes include bronchial carcinoids, medullary thyroid cancer, and pheochromocytoma.
Flashcard 593: Patients with symptoms of type 2 diabetes can be diagnosed if:
• HbA1c is _____ OR
• Fasting glucose is ≥7 mmol/L OR
• Random glucose/OGTT is ≥11.1 mmol/L
Answer: ≥48 mmol/mol
Flashcard 594: What is the first line management of Cushings DISEASE?
1st Line: _____
2nd Line: Pituitary radiotherapy OR further surgical removal of the pituitary
Answer: Trans-sphenoidal removal of pituitary tumour
Flashcard 595: First-line management of type 2 diabetes without CVD is _____.
Answer: standard release metformin
Flashcard 596: Cushing's disease causes MSK symptoms due to _____ and osteopenia/porosis
Answer: proximal myopathy
Flashcard 597: HbA1c should not be used for diagnosis of T2DM in patients with _____, children, HIV, pregnancy
Answer: increased RBC turnover
Flashcard 598: Cushing's syndrome may show a _____ upon ABG testing
Answer: hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis
Flashcard 599: Pseudo-cushing's can mimic Cushing's syndrome and is usually due to _____ or severe depression
Answer: excessive alcohol
Flashcard 600: An _____ can be used to differentiate between Cushing's syndrome and pseudo-cushings
Answer: insulin stress test
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