Endocrinology & Diabetes — Flashcards

Flashcard 341: _____ is a condition that occurs in all ages and is caused by insufficient calcium and/or phosphate usually due to a deficiency of vitamin D

Answer: Osteomalacia

Flashcard 342: X-ray of bones in patients with _____ may show characteristic looser zones (pseudofractures)

Answer: rickets/osteomalacia

Flashcard 343: Most patients with primary hyperparathyroidism are _____

Answer: asymptomatic

Flashcard 344: Following diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism, a differential diagnosis of _____ should be excluded.

Answer: familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH)

Flashcard 345: Hyperparathyroidism causes _____

Answer: hypercalcaemia

Flashcard 346: Hypothyroidism more commonly affects _____

Answer: women

Flashcard 347: What class of drugs most commonly causes osteomalacia? _____

Answer: Anticonvulsants

Flashcard 348: Osteomalacia/rickets is managed with vitamin D supplementation in addition to _____ supplementation if dietary intake is inadequate

Answer: calcium

Flashcard 349: _____ and serum PTH can be used to diagnose primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer: Albumin-adjusted serum calcium (corrected calcium)

Flashcard 350: Osteomalacia and Rickets are characterised by: _____ calcium ↓ phosphate ↑ PTH ↑ ALP

Answer: ↓

Extra: In Osteomalacia and Rickets (Vitamin D deficiency): - **Calcium:** Low (due to decreased absorption). - **Phosphate:** Low (Vitamin D deficiency reduces absorption; secondary hyperparathyroidism increases renal excretion). - **PTH:** High (Secondary hyperparathyroidism in response to low calcium). - **ALP:** High (Increased osteoblast activity attempting to mineralize bone).