Urology — Flashcards

Flashcard 31: _____ is the treatment of choice for renal stones of diameter >20 mm

Answer: PCNL

Flashcard 32: In Prostatectomy, _____ approach also known as the transperineal approach

Answer: Young's

Flashcard 33: Renal oncocytoma presents with painless _____, flank pain, and an abdominal mass

Answer: hematuria

Flashcard 34: Are testicular tumors biopsied? _____, because of the risk of scrotal seeding.

Answer: No

Extra: Biopsy is contraindicated in suspected testicular tumors because it carries a risk of **scrotal seeding**. This can alter the natural lymphatic drainage from the retroperitoneal lymph nodes to the inguinal lymph nodes, potentially upstaging the disease. The standard diagnostic and therapeutic procedure is a **radical inguinal orchidectomy**.

Flashcard 35: Duplex collecting system is strongly associated with vesicoureteral _____ and/or ureteral obstruction

Answer: reflux

Flashcard 36: Over-activity of plasmin may occur due to activation by _____, which is released following radical prostatectomy

Answer: urokinase

Flashcard 37: _____ commonly presents in 12-18 year olds with sudden testicular pain, high-riding testis, and absent cremasteric reflex

Answer: Testicular torsion

Flashcard 38: If one can feel the testis separate from the scrotal swelling then the swelling maybe a cyst of the _____ or spermatocele

Answer: epididymis

Flashcard 39: Trauma to the testes, with concurrent illnesses that diminish the host defense, especially _____, and alcoholism, predispose patients to the development of Fournier's gangrene

Answer: diabetes mellitus

Flashcard 40: PCNL is indicated in the following condition:If the patient has _____ like pelviureteric obstruction, calyceal diverticula, distal ureteral obstruction

Answer: anatomical obstruction