Neuroradiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: First Aid Neurology:: Cranial Nerves Pseudotumor Cerebri (aka Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension) causes a palsy of what oculomotor nerve? _____

Answer: CN VI

Flashcard 2: CT scan shows a concavo-convex-shaped hematoma is suggestive of a _____ hematoma

Answer: subdural

Flashcard 3: The image showing a bleed over the arachnoid layer but under the dura is suggestive of a _____ hemorrhage.

Answer: subdural

Flashcard 4: Which type of intracranial hemorrhage is seen in the image below? _____

Answer: Subarachnoid hemorrhage - Bleed on the bottom of the brain

Flashcard 5: The cerebral angiogram shows abnormal, dilated, and irregular collateral vessels (_____ appearance) which are characteristic of _____ disease

Answer: puff of smoke

Flashcard 6: MRI of a _____ shows a necrotic hemorrhagic mass that usually crosses the corpus callosum

Answer: glioblastoma

Flashcard 7: d290f3172dbb4a2890981defc5658fc1-ao-2

Answer: Rabies

Extra: 

Flashcard 8: _____ sign is seen in Joubert syndrome, characterised by cerebellar vermis hypoplasia

Answer: Molar tooth

Flashcard 9: Hyperostosis of the wall of the orbit, maybe seen in _____ meningioma, Fibrous dysplasia and Metastasis from Ca. prostate

Answer: Sphenoid wing

Flashcard 10: _____ is characteristic of the adamantinomatous variety of craniopharyngioma

Answer: Calcification

Flashcard 11: Cord expansion will lead to a _____ appearance in intramedullary tumor

Answer: trouser leg

Flashcard 12: Bilateral atrophy of _____ nuclei and compensatory dilatation of lateral ventricle, a finding known as box car ventricles, observed in Huntingtons disease.

Answer: caudate

Flashcard 13: _____ peak in magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy is diagnostic of Tuberculoma

Answer: Lipid

Flashcard 14: _____ poisoning is classically associated with bilateral globus pallidus lesions on MRI.

Answer: Carbon monoxide

Flashcard 15: Imaging of oligodendroglioma typically reveals a _____ tumor in the white matter, usually involving the frontal lobe

Answer: calcified

Flashcard 16: _____ sign is one of the characteristic findings on MRI T2 in central pontine myelinolysis.

Answer: Owl's eye

Flashcard 17: The _____ sign refers to widely spaced lateral ventricles due to agenesis of the corpus callosum with intervening Probst bundles

Answer: racing car

Flashcard 18: _____ sign is seen in neurocysticercosis

Answer: Cyst with a dot

Flashcard 19: Expansion of the contrast-filled space in myelography is seen in _____dural extramedullary tumor.

Answer: intra

Flashcard 20: The mnemonic for CP angle tumors is SAME:S : _____A : Aneurysm, arachnoid cystM : Meningioma, metastasesE : Epidermoid cyst, Ependymoma

Answer: Schwannoma (8th>5th)

Flashcard 21: _____ appearance maybe seen in PSP at the level of superior colliculi on axial imaging

Answer: Mickey Mouse

Flashcard 22: Extracanalicular extension of _____ into the cerebellopontine angle (path of least resistance) can lead to "ice-cream-cone' appearance.

Answer: acoustic neuroma

Flashcard 23: Banana sign is seen in _____ and in meningomyelocele

Answer: Chiari II malformation

Flashcard 24: _____ sign on brain CT indicates the presence of tension pneumocephalus.

Answer: Mount Fuji

Flashcard 25: Craniometric parameters used for diagnosis of basilar impression include _____ line, Chamberlain s line and McGregor s line

Answer: McRae s

Flashcard 26: In _____ weighted images, CSF is bright/hyperintense and white matter is dark, grey matter is white

Answer: T2

Flashcard 27: Imaging of _____ (CNS tumor) reveals a round mass attached to the dura (via a "tail")

Answer: meningioma

Flashcard 28: Acute subdural hematomas arise with _____ and appear hyper-dense on CT

Answer: trauma

Flashcard 29: _____ due to the helminth Taenia solium has a 'swiss cheese' appearance to the brain on CT/MRI

Answer: Neurocysticercosis

Flashcard 30: Double contour or bevelled edge appearance (_____ sign) and Geographic skull is seen in Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Answer: Hole within a hole

Flashcard 31: _____ sign on MRI is seen in paraganglioma

Answer: Salt and pepper

Flashcard 32: _____ CNS tumors characteristically present as multiple, well-circumscribed lesions at the gray-white junction

Answer: Metastatic

Flashcard 33: _____ sign represents the appearance of the cerebral parenchyma in the case of alobar holoprosencephaly.

Answer: Pancake brain

Flashcard 34: The _____ sign is seen in sporadic CJD

Answer: Cortical ribbon

Flashcard 35: _____ view is preferred to aid the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma and apical petrositis

Answer: Towne's

Flashcard 36: _____ peak in magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy is diagnostic of glioma

Answer: Choline

Flashcard 37: The _____ sign on FLAIR brain is seen in variant CJD

Answer: Hockey stick

Flashcard 38: The linear extension of enhancement of the dura, beyond the segment on which the tumor is based is seen in _____, also known as Dural tail sign

Answer: Meningioma

Flashcard 39: Radiographic views of temporal bone include:1. _____ view: Mastoid air cells2. Schuller's view: Antrum and upper part of attic (key area)3. Stenver's view: Entire petrous pyramid4. Towne's view: for acoustic neuroma and apical petrositis5. Transorbital view6. Submentoverical view

Answer: Law's

Flashcard 40: CT shows bracket calcification of lipoma and is called _____ sign seen in peri-callosal lipoma

Answer: bracket

Flashcard 41: Ischemic strokes may be visualized on _____ after 6 - 24 hours

Answer: CT

Flashcard 42: _____ or antral sign is the anterior bowing of the maxillary wall due to the presence of a mass in the pterygomaxillary space on a CT scan.

Answer: Holman-Miller sign

Flashcard 43: _____ peak in magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy is diagnostic of Canavan disease

Answer: NAA

Flashcard 44: Involvement of the _____ cranial nerve in acoustic neuroma indicates that the tumor is roughly 2.5 cm in diameter and occupies the cerebellopontine angle.

Answer: 5th

Flashcard 45: Imaging of _____ (CNS tumor) reveal a cystic lesion with a mural nodule

Answer: pilocytic astrocytomas

Flashcard 46: _____ is an MRI based neuroimaging which makes it possible to estimate the location, orientation and anisotropy of the brains white matter tracts

Answer: Diffusion tensor imaging

Flashcard 47: Ischemic strokes may be visualized on _____ after 3 - 30 minutes

Answer: diffusion-weighted MRI

Flashcard 48: The _____ sign is characteristic of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis

Answer: empty delta

Flashcard 49: _____ view (or occipitofrontal view) is a radiographic view of the skull, where the X-ray plate is angled at 20 to orbitomeatal line.

Answer: Caldwell's

Flashcard 50: _____ sign is seen in arachnoiditis type II

Answer: Empty thecal sac

Flashcard 51: In _____ imaging, CSF is dark/hypointense and white matter is dark, grey matter is white

Answer: FLAIR

Flashcard 52: Thickening of the optic nerve/sheath complex with a '_____' appearance is seen in optic nerve sheath meningioma

Answer: tram-track

Flashcard 53: In _____ weighted images, CSF is dark/hypointense and white matter is white, grey matter is dark

Answer: T1

Flashcard 54: The Modified _____ scale is a method for grading SAH as seen on non-contrast CT (NCCT)

Answer: Fisher

Flashcard 55: Indentation at the diaphragma sellae gives rise to _____ appearance in pituitary macroadenoma

Answer: snowman/figure of eight appearance/cottage loaf

Flashcard 56: Midbrain atrophy in _____ is best confirmed with the reduction in the midbrain to pons ratio

Answer: PSP

Flashcard 57: _____ hemorrhage typically occurs in the basal ganglia and internal capsule, but can occur in the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem, and cerebellum

Answer: Intraparenchymal

Flashcard 58: Christmas tree or pine cone bladder is seen in which condition?_____

Answer: Neurogenic bladder

Flashcard 59: CT scan shows a concavo-convex-shaped hematoma is suggestive of a _____ hematoma

Answer: subdural

Flashcard 60: Vertebral scalloping, with dural ectasia, hypoplastic posterior elements and transverse process spindling is a feature of _____

Answer: neurofibromatosis 1

Flashcard 61: The absence of swallow tail appearance on MRI brain indicates which condition?_____

Answer: Parkinson's disease

Flashcard 62: _____ is the first imaging modality to perform in the follow up after removal of inverted papillomas.

Answer: MRI

Flashcard 63: _____ is the investigation of choice in temporal bone fractures complicated by facial nerve palsy or CSF leak.

Answer: HRCT

Flashcard 64: _____ is a lateral radiographic view of the skull

Answer: Schuller's view

Flashcard 65: Which brain tumors undergo calcification?_____

Answer: Craniopharyngioma, Astrocytoma (non-pilocytic) and Oligodendroglioma/Meningioma (3)

Flashcard 66: Characteristic pattern of corpus callosum degeneration in Marchiafava Bignami disease is known as _____ sign

Answer: Sandwich

Flashcard 67: Calcification, hyperostosis and increased vascular markings are seen in the skull X-Ray of which CNS tumor?_____

Answer: Meningioma

Flashcard 68: Earliest Skull X-ray sign in a adult with raised ICT is _____

Answer: posterior clinoid erosion > erosion of the dorsum sella

Flashcard 69: _____ on CT is seen with glomus jugulare tumor

Answer: Loss of caroticojugular crest

Flashcard 70: What is the cause of the 'puff of smoke' lesion seen in Moyamoya disease?_____

Answer: As it is a chronic condition, the lenticulostriate arteries develop a rich collateral circulation around the occlusive lesion

Flashcard 71: The hyperdense MCA sign refers to focal hyperdensity of the middle cerebral artery, seen on NCCT and is the earliest visible sign of _____

Answer: infarction

Flashcard 72: _____ myelography can help in evaluation of active CSF leaks

Answer: X-Ray (X-Ray/MR)

Flashcard 73: _____ myelography can be performed without intrathecal contrast

Answer: MR (X-Ray/MR)

Flashcard 74: Most sensitive investigation for Cortical vein thrombosis is _____

Answer: MR Venography

Flashcard 75: The most useful projection for detecting an orbital floor fracture is _____ view.

Answer: Water s

Flashcard 76: Hole within a hole appearance of skull is seen in _____, apart from langerhans cell histiocytosis

Answer: eosinophilic granuloma

Flashcard 77: The preferred imaging modality in term neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is _____

Answer: diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Flashcard 78: _____ provides a superior definition of the relationship of the glomus tumor to adjacent vascular and skull base structures.

Answer: Gadolinium-enhanced MRI

Flashcard 79: T2-weighted MRI brain scans in Hallervorden-Spatz Disease (HSD) shows the _____ sign.

Answer: eye of the tiger

Flashcard 80: Dawson fingers are a radiographic feature typically seen in _____

Answer: multiple sclerosis (MS)

Flashcard 81: Smaller lesions may be missed on _____ myelography due to its lower signal-to-noise ratio

Answer: MR (X-Ray/MR)

Flashcard 82: CT brain in a case of CO poisoning shows necrosis of the _____

Answer: globus pallidus

Flashcard 83: _____ sign is seen in glomus jugulare tumors in which the normal caroticojugular crest is eroded on CT

Answer: Phelp

Flashcard 84: _____ is the presence of unilateral or bilateral clefts within the cerebral hemispheres due to an abnormality of morphogenesis.

Answer: Schizencephaly

Flashcard 85: What are the clinical findings of skull in primary hyperparathyroidism?_____

Answer: Pepper Pot skull/ Salt and Pepper skull

Flashcard 86: Vein of Galen malformation can cause a _____communicating hydrocephalus

Answer: non

Flashcard 87: What is the pattern of vessels in Meningioma?_____

Answer: Sunburst or spoke wheel pattern

Flashcard 88: Bat-wing appearance of 4th ventricle on imaging is seen in _____

Answer: Joubert syndrome

Flashcard 89: MRI in _____ CJD show abnormalities in caudate or putamen nucleus on FLAIR imaging

Answer: familial (subtype)

Flashcard 90: _____ is used for the confirmation of the diagnosis of a blowout #

Answer: CT scan

Flashcard 91: Calcified sub ependymal hamartomatous nodules are characteristic of _____

Answer: Tuberous sclerosis

Flashcard 92: _____ sign - This sign is present in case of pneumocephalus.

Answer: Mount Fuji 

Flashcard 93: What sign on MRI helps establish that the intracranial mass is extra-axial?_____

Answer: CSF vascular cleft sign

Flashcard 94: Symmetric confluent areas of T2 hyperintensity in the periventricular white matter is characteristic of which demyelinating disease?_____

Answer: Metachromatic leukodystrophy

Flashcard 95: _____ is the initial radiological investigation of choice for esthesioneuroblastoma

Answer: CT scan/MRI

Flashcard 96: Early involvement of subcortical white matter with the predilection for frontal lobe is characteristic of which demyelinating disease?_____

Answer: Alexanders disease

Flashcard 97: X-Ray angiography in Moyamoya disease shows a _____ appearance

Answer: puff of smoke

Flashcard 98: Which imaging is done typically to diagnose a suspected a glomus tumor?_____

Answer: MRI and CT

Flashcard 99: Which is a homogeneously enhancing solid lesion which, in the setting of HIV-infected/immunocompromised states, may show ring-like enhancement?_____

Answer: Primary CNS lymphoma

Flashcard 100: What is the investigation of choice for a nasal meningocele?_____

Answer: MRI/CT

Flashcard 101: What is the gold standard for diagnosis of acoustic neuroma?

Answer: MRI with gadolinium contrast

Flashcard 102: _____ is the investigation of choice for this condition for Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

Answer: CECT

Flashcard 103: The investigation of choice for stroke is a _____.

Answer: NCCT

Flashcard 104: The investigation of choice for ischemic stroke is a _____.

Answer: diffusion-weighted MRI

Flashcard 105: What is the investigation of choice for diagnosing brain abscess?_____

Answer: MRI

Flashcard 106: _____ is the investigation of choice to demonstrate leptomeningeal metastasis

Answer: Contrast MRI

Flashcard 107: What is the best investigation for choanal atresia?

Answer: CT scan

Flashcard 108: What is the investigation of choice for diagnosis of Angiofibroma?_____

Answer: CT scan

Flashcard 109: What is the investigation of choice to identify nerve damage in SCIWORA?_____

Answer: MRI

Flashcard 110: The most typical pattern seen in brain tumours on MR spectroscopy includes an _____ in choline accompanied by a _____ in N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and creatine.

Answer: elevation; decrease

Flashcard 111: The cerebral angiogram shows abnormal, dilated, and irregular collateral vessels (_____ appearance) which are characteristic of _____ disease

Answer: puff of smoke; Moya Moya

Flashcard 112: MRI of a _____ shows a necrotic hemorrhagic mass that usually crosses the corpus callosum

Answer: glioblastoma

Flashcard 113: Presence of a column of air behind the Antrochoanal polyp on X-Ray is known as _____ sign

Answer: Dodd/Crescent

Flashcard 114: Tigroid white matter on MR imaging is seen in _____ disease.

Answer: Pelizaeus-Merzbacher